L Glossary Terms

L is a unit of volume used to measure liquids, equal to 1,000 milliliters (mL) or 1,000 cubic centimeters (cc). It is also called a liter. In cancer care, you might see L used in lab reports, medication doses, or research. Because L can appear in different contexts, it’s important to ask your healthcare team what it means for you personally rather than assuming it relates directly to diagnosis or treatment.

L-3,5,5’-Tetraiodothyronine, also known as T4, thyroxin, or thyroxine, is a hormone made by the thyroid gland. It helps control how fast chemical reactions happen in the body’s cells and supports growth and development. Thyroxine can also be made in a lab and used to treat thyroid problems. If you see this term in your medical records, ask your care team what it means for you personally.

L-377,202 is a substance being studied as a possible cancer treatment. It belongs to a group of drugs called enzyme inhibitors. If you see this term in your medical records or discussions, it’s important to ask your healthcare team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment recommendation.

L-778,123 is an anticancer drug studied for its potential to block enzymes that help normal cells turn into cancer cells. It belongs to a group of drugs called enzyme inhibitors. If you see this term in your medical records or discussions, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

L-Arginine, also called arginine, is a natural amino acid found in many proteins. In cancer care, it is being studied as a nutritional supplement to see if it can help support the body during treatment or play a role in prevention. While it is not a cancer treatment itself, you might hear about it in medical reports or research discussions.

L-Asparaginase is a medicine used mainly to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a type of blood cancer. It works by breaking down asparagine, a nutrient some cancer cells need to grow. You might hear it called Elspar or L-asparaginase. It is often given with other cancer treatments to help control cancer growth.

L-Carnitine, also called Carnitor or levocarnitine, is a natural substance made by the body and found in foods like meat and fish. It helps cells turn fat into energy. In cancer care, it is being studied to see if it can protect healthy tissues from damage caused by chemotherapy. It is not a standard cancer treatment but may be mentioned during supportive care discussions or clinical trials.

L-Glutamic Acid, also called glutamic acid, is a natural amino acid that helps nerve cells send and receive messages. It is one of the building blocks of proteins and plays a role in nerve and brain function. In cancer care, it is being studied for its potential to protect nerves from damage caused by some treatments. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your situation.

L-MTP-PE, also known as MEPACT or mifamurtide, is a drug that helps activate the immune system to fight certain bone cancers. It works by stimulating white blood cells to attack cancer cells. This drug is mainly studied for use in children and young adults with osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer. If you see this term in your medical records or hear it from your care team, it’s important to ask how it relates to your specific treatment.

L-Norgestrel, also known as levonorgestrel or Plan B, is a laboratory-made form of the hormone progesterone used mainly as an oral contraceptive to prevent pregnancy. It may appear under different names in medical reports or discussions. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and ask the care team how it relates to individual care rather than assuming it indicates a diagnosis or treatment plan.

L-Threo-Dihydrosphingosine, also called Safingol, is a substance being studied as a possible cancer treatment. It belongs to a group of drugs known as protein kinase inhibitors. If you see this term in your medical information, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

La Luz Intensive Detox, also called Innate Detox Pathways, is a supportive approach sometimes used during cancer care. It aims to help improve comfort, mobility, stress reduction, rehabilitation, symptom relief, and overall wellness. It is not a cancer treatment but may be part of supportive care to help patients feel better during prevention, treatment, or recovery.

La Luz Intensive Detox, also called Innate Detox Pathways, is a supportive approach sometimes used during cancer care. It aims to help improve comfort, mobility, stress reduction, rehabilitation, symptom relief, and overall wellness. It is not a cancer treatment but may be part of supportive care to help patients feel better during prevention, treatment, or recovery.

Lab-on-a-chip, also called a microfluidic device, is a small tool that uses tiny amounts of fluid on a chip to perform laboratory tests. These devices can help doctors run tests quickly and easily, even outside of traditional labs. They are becoming important for point-of-care testing, especially in places with limited medical resources.

The labial mucosa is the soft, inner lining of the lips inside the mouth. It is part of the oral mucosa, which covers the inside of the mouth and helps protect it. Changes in this lining can sometimes show signs of health issues or effects from habits like tobacco use. If you see this term in your medical records, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

A laboratory study is research done using special equipment and cells or animals to see if a drug, procedure, or treatment might work in people. It helps scientists learn about new cancer treatments but is not a diagnosis or treatment by itself. Patients should ask their care team how such studies relate to their own care instead of assuming it means a specific plan or outcome.

A laboratory test is a medical procedure that checks samples like blood or urine to help doctors diagnose disease, plan treatment, monitor how well treatment is working, or watch a disease over time. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand that a laboratory test is one part of care and to ask the healthcare team how the test results apply to the individual’s situation.

Laboratory-directed personalized cancer therapy is a way to choose cancer treatments based on the unique biology of a person’s tumor. Instead of using standard treatments that work on average for many people, this approach uses lab tests, molecular information, and doctors’ judgment to tailor therapy for an individual patient. Patients should discuss with their care team how this approach applies to their own situation.

The lacrimal gland is a small gland located in the upper outer part of each eye socket. Its main job is to produce tears, which help keep the eyes moist and protect them. If you see this term in your medical records or hear it during care, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it refers to a diagnosis or treatment.

Lactase is an enzyme in the small intestine that helps break down lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. Many adults produce less lactase after childhood, which can cause lactose intolerance symptoms like stomach discomfort. Lactase supplements or lactose-free products can help manage these symptoms. If you see this term in your care, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your situation.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), also called lactic acid dehydrogenase, is an enzyme found in many body tissues. Higher levels of LDH in the blood can indicate tissue damage or certain diseases, including some types of cancer. Patients may see this term in lab reports or medical discussions. It’s important to understand LDH results in context and ask your care team what they mean for your specific situation.

Lactation is the process of making and releasing milk from the breasts, usually starting during pregnancy and continuing after birth. It is often discussed during pregnancy, postpartum care, or cancer treatment planning. If you have questions about breastfeeding or its safety with your health condition or medications, talk with your healthcare team.

Lactic acid is a natural substance found in milk and made by muscles in the body. It belongs to a group called alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), which are often used in skin care products to soften skin and reduce wrinkles. In cancer care, lactic acid may be mentioned when managing skin side effects, but it is not a cancer treatment itself. Always ask your care team how it relates to your personal care.

Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase (LDH), also called lactate dehydrogenase, is an enzyme found in many body tissues. Higher levels of LDH in the blood can indicate tissue damage or certain diseases, including some cancers. Patients may see this term in lab reports or medical discussions. It’s important to understand LDH results in context and ask your care team what they mean for your specific situation.

Lactobacillus is a type of helpful bacteria that naturally lives in the mouth, digestive system, and vagina. It produces lactic acid and is often found in fermented foods like yogurt. Some Lactobacillus strains, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (also called Culturelle), are used as probiotics to support digestion and gut health. If you see this term in your care, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your treatment or health.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, also known as Culturelle, is a live beneficial bacterium often used as a probiotic to support digestion and normal bowel function. It produces lactic acid and may help keep the digestive system healthy. It is sometimes studied for preventing infections in people undergoing stem cell transplants. If you see this term in your care, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your treatment.

Lactoferrin is a protein found naturally in milk, tears, saliva, and other body fluids. It helps the body fight infections and inflammation by binding iron and has antibacterial and antiviral properties. Some studies suggest lactoferrin supplements may reduce respiratory infections. In cancer care, related forms like talactoferrin are being studied for their potential to support the immune system. Always ask your care team how lactoferrin relates to your specific situation.

Lactose is a sugar found naturally in milk and dairy products. Some people have trouble digesting lactose, a condition called lactose intolerance, which can cause symptoms like diarrhea, bloating, and gas. In cancer care, lactose intolerance and related digestive symptoms may affect nutrition and comfort. Understanding lactose and its effects can help patients and caregivers manage diet and symptoms during treatment.

Lactose intolerance means your body has trouble digesting lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. This can cause symptoms like gas, diarrhea, bloating, and stomach discomfort after eating dairy. It is common and not serious. Managing lactose intolerance often involves eating less lactose or using lactase enzyme supplements to help digestion.

Laetril (also called B-17) is a substance promoted by some as an alternative cancer treatment. It is derived from natural compounds found in fruit seeds like apricots. However, it is not approved by medical authorities and has not been shown to work in clinical studies. It may also carry risks, including cyanide poisoning. Patients should discuss any interest in Laetril with their healthcare team before use.

Laetril (also called B-17) is a substance made from compounds found in fruit seeds like apricots. It has been promoted by some as an alternative cancer treatment, immune booster, or detox method. However, it is not approved by medical experts and has not been shown to be safe or effective. Laetril can release cyanide, a toxic substance, and using it instead of proven cancer treatments can be harmful. Patients should discuss any interest in Laetril with their healthcare team.

Laetrile is a substance made from amygdalin, found naturally in fruit pits like apricots. It has been promoted as an alternative cancer treatment but has not been proven effective in human studies. Laetrile is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and may carry risks, including cyanide poisoning. Patients should discuss any interest in laetrile with their healthcare team before considering its use.

LAK Cell, or Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell, is a type of white blood cell that can be grown in a lab to help kill cancer cells. These cells are part of the immune system and may be used in some cancer treatments. If you see this term in your medical information, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

The LAMA3 gene makes a protein important for skin health and cell attachment. Changes in this gene can cause a rare inherited skin condition called junctional epidermolysis bullosa, which leads to fragile skin that blisters easily. People with this condition may have a higher risk of skin cancer. It’s important to discuss what LAMA3 means for you with your care team rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment on its own.

The LAMB3 gene makes a protein important for skin health. Changes (mutations) in this gene can cause a rare inherited skin condition called junctional epidermolysis bullosa, where the skin blisters and tears easily. People with this condition may have a higher risk of skin cancer. If you see this term, ask your care team what it means for you or your loved one.

The LAMC2 gene makes part of a protein important for skin health and wound healing. Changes in this gene can cause a rare inherited skin condition called junctional epidermolysis bullosa, which leads to fragile skin that blisters easily. People with this condition may have a higher risk of certain skin cancers. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your health or treatment.

The lamina propria is a thin layer of connective tissue found just beneath the surface lining (mucous membrane) of many body tubes, like the mouth, stomach, and bladder. It contains blood vessels, immune cells, and lymphatic vessels. In cancer care, when tumors reach this layer, they may have greater access to lymphatic vessels, which can affect how cancer spreads.

Lamivudine is a medication used to treat infections caused by HIV and hepatitis B virus. It is often combined with other antiviral drugs to help control these infections. Women with HIV or hepatitis B who take lamivudine are advised not to breastfeed, as the medicine and virus can pass to the baby. Lamivudine is taken by mouth and may cause side effects like nausea or tiredness.

Lamotrigine is a medication mainly used to control seizures and to help prevent future episodes of depression in people with bipolar disorder. It is not usually effective for treating sudden mood changes or acute depression except in severe cases. It may cause side effects like dizziness or nausea and passes into breast milk, so its use during breastfeeding should be discussed with a doctor.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition where too many Langerhans cells, a type of white blood cell, grow in certain tissues like bones, skin, lungs, or the pituitary gland. This buildup can cause damage to these organs. LCH most often affects children and young adults. It may appear under different names, so it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Lanolin is a natural oily substance taken from sheep’s wool. It is commonly used in moisturizing creams and lotions to help treat dry, itchy skin. Lanolin and its derivatives are found in many skincare and cosmetic products. If you see lanolin mentioned in your care, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your treatment or skin care needs.

Lanoxin, also known as digoxin, is a medicine used to treat certain heart problems like irregular heartbeat and heart failure. It helps the heart work better by controlling calcium in heart muscle cells. While sometimes studied in cancer research, digoxin is not an approved cancer treatment. If you see this term in your care, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your specific situation.

Lanreotide acetate, also known as Somatuline Depot, is a medication used to treat certain rare tumors called gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). It works by mimicking a natural hormone to help reduce excess hormone production and may slow tumor growth. It is important to discuss with your care team how this drug applies to your specific situation.

Lansoprazole, also known by the brand name Prevacid, is a medication that reduces stomach acid. It belongs to a group called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Lansoprazole is used to treat conditions like stomach ulcers, acid reflux (heartburn), and other problems caused by too much stomach acid. Patients should always discuss how this medicine applies to their care with their healthcare team.

Lantus, also known as insulin glargine or insulin glargine recombinant, is a long-acting insulin medication used to help control blood sugar levels in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It works by slowly releasing insulin over about 24 hours to keep blood sugar steady. If you see this term in your health information, ask your care team how it relates to your personal treatment.

A laparoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and camera used to look inside the abdomen through small cuts. It helps doctors diagnose or treat conditions with less pain and quicker recovery than traditional surgery. Patients should ask their care team how laparoscope use applies to their specific situation.

Laparoscopic surgery is a type of minimally invasive surgery done through several small cuts in the abdomen using a thin, lighted camera and special tools. It is often used for procedures like colectomy (removal of part of the colon) and may lead to less pain and quicker recovery compared to traditional open surgery, which uses one large cut. This approach is also called laparoscopic-assisted resection or keyhole surgery.

Laparoscopic-assisted colectomy is a surgery to remove all or part of the colon using several small cuts in the abdomen. A thin, lighted camera helps guide the surgeon during the procedure. This approach often leads to smaller scars, less pain, and quicker recovery compared to traditional open surgery, which uses one large cut. It is commonly used in cancer care to remove tumors and prevent disease spread.

Laparoscopic-Assisted Resection, also called laparoscopic surgery, is a minimally invasive operation done through several small cuts in the abdomen using a thin, lighted camera and special tools. It is often used to remove part of an organ, like the colon, and may lead to less pain, smaller scars, and quicker recovery compared to traditional open surgery with one large cut.

Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a thin, lighted tube called a laparoscope inserted through small cuts in the abdomen to look inside the belly. It helps doctors examine organs, take tissue samples, or perform surgery with less pain and faster recovery than traditional open surgery. It is often used in cancer care to check for disease or guide treatment decisions.

A laparotomy is a surgical procedure where a doctor makes a cut in the wall of the abdomen to look inside. Patients may hear this term when discussing surgery related to colon health or cancer. It is often used to find the cause of symptoms when other tests have not provided clear answers. If you hear this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it applies to your specific situation.

Lapatinib Ditosylate, also known as GW572016 or Tykerb, is a targeted cancer drug used mainly to treat certain types of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer. It works by blocking proteins that help cancer cells grow. It is often given with other medicines like capecitabine or letrozole. Patients may see this name in medical reports or treatment plans and should ask their care team how it applies to their situation.

Lappa, also known as burdock or Happy Major, is a plant whose root and seeds have been used in traditional medicine. It may have antioxidant properties and is sometimes mentioned in discussions about natural supplements in cancer care. However, it is not a standard or proven treatment for cancer. Patients should talk with their healthcare team before using it.

Large cell carcinoma is a type of non-small cell lung cancer where the cancer cells are large and look abnormal under a microscope. It is one of the three main types of non-small cell lung cancer, alongside adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Understanding this term in context and discussing it with your care team is important for personalized diagnosis and treatment.

Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) are a type of white blood cell that help the body fight infections and cancer. Natural killer (NK) cells are a kind of LGL important for immune defense. Sometimes, a rare chronic blood cancer called NK-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (NK-LGLL) involves these cells. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific health situation.

The large intestine, also called the colon, is the last part of the digestive system. It absorbs water from food waste and stores stool until it leaves the body through the anus. It includes four parts: the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. Doctors often examine the large intestine with tests like colonoscopy to check for polyps, cancer, or other conditions.

Laromustine, also known as Cloretazine or Onrigin, is a chemotherapy drug used mainly to treat acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, which may stop their growth or kill them. Laromustine is one option among many in cancer treatment and may also be studied for other cancers. Patients should ask their care team how it fits into their specific treatment plan.

Larotrectinib sulfate, also known as LOXO-101 or Vitrakvi, is a targeted cancer drug used to treat certain solid tumors that have a specific gene change called an NTRK gene fusion. It works by blocking proteins that help cancer cells grow. It is approved for adults and children with tumors that cannot be removed by surgery or have spread, and it may be called by different names in medical reports.

Chaparral, also known as Larrea tridentata, is a plant sometimes used in herbal supplements and alternative medicine. It is promoted by some as a natural remedy for cancer or detoxification. However, chaparral has been linked to serious liver damage and other health risks. There is no reliable evidence that it treats cancer, and patients undergoing cancer treatment should discuss its use with their healthcare team to avoid potential harm.

Laryngeal means relating to the larynx, or voice box, which is part of the throat. It is often used when talking about laryngeal cancer, a type of head and neck cancer. Laryngeal cancer affects the vocal cords and nearby areas, and symptoms may include a persistent sore throat, trouble swallowing, or a lump in the neck. There are no standard screening tests for laryngeal cancer, but doctors use exams, imaging, and biopsies to diagnose it.

Laryngeal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the larynx, or voice box, which is the part of the throat used for breathing, swallowing, and speaking. Most laryngeal cancers begin in the thin, flat cells lining the larynx. Common risk factors include tobacco use, heavy alcohol drinking, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include hoarseness, a sore throat that doesn’t go away, or a lump in the neck.

A laryngectomee is a person who has had their larynx (voice box) surgically removed, usually because of advanced laryngeal cancer. After this surgery, breathing is done through a stoma, an opening in the neck. This term describes a condition, not a treatment plan, so it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

A laryngectomy is surgery to remove all or part of the larynx, or voice box. Partial laryngectomy removes only part of the voice box to treat cancer while trying to keep voice and swallowing function. It is one step in cancer care, and patients should talk with their care team about what it means for their treatment and recovery.

Laryngitis is swelling or inflammation of the larynx, also called the voice box. It often causes a hoarse voice or loss of voice. Laryngitis usually results from infections, overuse of the voice, or irritation. Most cases improve within a couple of weeks without serious problems. In cancer care, laryngitis may be mentioned when discussing throat symptoms or side effects of treatment.

A laryngopharyngectomy is surgery to remove all or part of the larynx (voice box) and pharynx (throat), often done to treat cancer in the hypopharynx, the lower part of the throat. Sometimes part of the esophagus or thyroid gland is also removed. Patients should discuss with their care team how this surgery applies to their specific situation rather than assuming it means a particular diagnosis or treatment plan.

A laryngoscope is a thin, tube-like medical tool with a light and lens used to look at the larynx (voice box). It helps doctors see the throat area clearly, often during procedures like intubation or biopsies. The device is carefully inserted into the mouth to move the tongue and provide a clear view of the vocal cords and airway.

Laryngoscopy is a procedure that lets doctors look inside the throat at the voice box (larynx). Using a special tool called a laryngoscope, the doctor can see the vocal cords and airway clearly. It is often done to help place a breathing tube during surgery or emergencies, or to check for problems like cancer. The procedure usually requires anesthesia or sedation because it can be uncomfortable.

The larynx, also called the voice box, is an organ in the throat that helps you breathe, talk, and swallow. It contains your vocal cords, which produce sound when air passes through. The larynx is important in head and neck cancers, especially those linked to tobacco and heavy alcohol use. Knowing about the larynx can help you understand throat-related symptoms and treatments.

Laser therapy uses a focused beam of light to remove or destroy cancer cells or abnormal tissue. It is often used for cancers and precancers on or just under the skin or lining of organs, such as skin cancer, lung cancer, and precancerous growths. Laser treatment can also help relieve symptoms like bleeding or blockages caused by tumors. It is a local treatment that may be repeated and is available only at centers with specialized equipment and trained doctors.

Laser acupuncture uses a low-level laser beam instead of needles to stimulate specific points on the body. It is a type of acupuncture sometimes used by people with cancer to help manage symptoms like fatigue, dry mouth, nausea, and hot flashes. Research shows it may be safe and helpful for some symptoms, but it is not a cancer treatment itself. Always talk with your care team about how it might fit your care.

Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) is a treatment that uses heat from a laser to destroy abnormal tissue, such as certain brain tumors or damaged tissue caused by radiation. Guided by imaging tests like MRI, a thin tube delivers laser energy directly into the affected area. LITT may also help treat some types of epilepsy. It is a local treatment, meaning it targets a specific part of the body.

Laser surgery is a medical procedure that uses a focused beam of light to cut or remove tissue, such as tumors or abnormal growths. It often causes less bleeding and damage to nearby healthy tissue compared to traditional surgery. Laser surgery can treat certain cancers, precancers, and symptoms like airway blockages, and it may be used on the skin or inside the body through special instruments.

Laser therapy is a treatment that uses a focused beam of light to cut, destroy, or remove cancer cells and abnormal tissue. It is often used for cancers on the skin or lining of internal organs and can also help reduce swelling after surgery. Laser therapy is a local treatment, meaning it targets a specific area of the body. It may be combined with other treatments and sometimes needs to be repeated to be effective.

Lassitude means a feeling of tiredness, weakness, and lack of interest in daily activities. It can be a side effect of many cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as some medications. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for you personally, rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

A late effect is a health problem that appears months or even years after cancer treatment has ended. These effects can be caused by the cancer itself or by treatments like chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery. Late effects may affect the body, mind, or social well-being and can include physical changes, memory or concentration problems, or new health issues. Regular follow-up care helps manage and detect late effects early.

Late-stage cancer describes cancer that has grown significantly and spread beyond its original site to lymph nodes or other parts of the body. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and discuss with the care team what it means for the individual’s diagnosis and treatment options.

Latency period is the time between exposure to something that can cause disease, like radiation or a virus, and the appearance of symptoms. In cancer, it refers to the delay from exposure to a cause until signs of illness develop. Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers discuss timing and risks with their care team without assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Latent describes a condition or disease that is present in the body but not currently active or causing symptoms. In cancer care, latent infections or conditions may be important because they can become active during treatment, especially when the immune system is weakened. Understanding what latent means can help patients and caregivers ask the right questions about test results, risks, and treatment plans.

Latisse is a medicine used to help eyelashes grow longer, thicker, and darker. It contains bimatoprost and is applied with a small brush to the eyelids once a day. While mainly a cosmetic treatment, it is being studied to help people undergoing chemotherapy regrow eyelashes and eyebrows affected by cancer treatment. Patients should talk with their care team about whether Latisse is safe and suitable for them.

A latissimus dorsi flap is a type of breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy. It uses muscle, skin, fat, and blood vessels from the middle and side of the back to create a new breast shape or support a breast implant. This tissue remains connected to its original blood supply during the move, helping it stay healthy. It is one option among several for rebuilding the breast using your own body tissue.

Laughter Therapy, also called Humor Therapy, is a complementary approach that uses humor and laughter to help reduce pain and stress and improve well-being. It may include activities like laughter exercises, watching comedy movies, reading funny books, playing games, or visits from clowns. It is often used to support people coping with serious illnesses such as cancer. Always ask your care team how it fits your personal care plan.

Lavage, also called irrigation, is a medical procedure that involves washing out an organ, body cavity, or wound by flushing it with fluid. In cancer care, it may refer to colostomy irrigation, which helps some patients manage bowel movements after colon or rectal surgery, or ductal lavage, a test that collects breast cells to help detect cancer. Always ask your healthcare team how lavage applies to your care.

Lavender, also called English Lavender or True Lavender, is a fragrant plant from the mint family. Its flower oil is used in aromatherapy to help with relaxation and symptom relief. A substance in lavender called perillyl alcohol is being studied for possible roles in cancer prevention and treatment. Patients should ask their care team how lavender relates to their care rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment.

A laxative is a substance that helps promote bowel movements. It is often used to relieve constipation, which can be a common side effect of cancer treatments or medications. Different types of laxatives work in various ways to soften stool or stimulate the intestines, helping stool pass more easily. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Lazcluze, also known as lazertinib mesylate hydrate, is a targeted cancer drug used with amivantamab to treat adults with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery and has specific changes in the EGFR gene. It works by blocking abnormal proteins that help cancer cells grow, potentially slowing or stopping the cancer.

Lazertinib mesylate hydrate, also known as Lazcluze, is a targeted cancer drug used with amivantamab to treat adults with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery and has specific changes in the EGFR gene. It works by blocking abnormal proteins that help cancer cells grow, potentially slowing or stopping the cancer.

LC-MS, or liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, is a laboratory method that separates and identifies different substances in a liquid sample. It helps detect and measure molecules by first separating them and then analyzing their weight and structure. Patients may see this term in test reports or medical discussions, but it is not a diagnosis or treatment by itself. Always ask your care team how LC-MS relates to your specific situation.

LCH, or Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, is a rare condition where too many Langerhans cells—a type of white blood cell—grow in parts of the body like bones, skin, lungs, or the pituitary gland. This overgrowth can cause damage to these tissues. LCH most often affects children and young adults and may require specialized care and treatment.

LCIS (Lobular Carcinoma In Situ) is a condition where abnormal cells are found in the milk-producing lobules of the breast. It is not cancer but indicates a higher risk of developing breast cancer in either breast. LCIS is usually found by chance during breast biopsies and helps doctors decide on monitoring and preventive care.

LDCT, or low-dose computed tomography, is a type of imaging test that uses a special x-ray machine to take detailed pictures inside the body with a lower amount of radiation than a standard CT scan. It is often used to screen adults at higher risk for lung cancer, especially those with a history of smoking. If you see LDCT mentioned in your medical records, ask your care team what it means for your care.

LDE225, also known as erismodegib, Odomzo, or sonidegib phosphate, is a medicine used to treat advanced basal cell carcinoma (a type of skin cancer) that has returned after surgery or radiation, or when these treatments are not possible. It works by blocking proteins involved in tissue growth, which may help stop cancer cells from growing. It is also being studied for other cancers.

LDH, or lactate dehydrogenase, is an enzyme found in the blood and tissues that helps produce energy in cells. Higher levels of LDH in the blood can sometimes signal tissue damage or certain diseases, including some cancers. If you see LDH mentioned in your medical reports, it’s important to discuss with your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it indicates a diagnosis or treatment plan.

A lead compound is a chemical that shows early promise as a treatment for a disease and may be the starting point for developing a new drug. It is identified through laboratory testing and helps scientists design medicines that aim to be effective and safe. For patients, seeing this term means it’s part of research or drug development, not a direct treatment recommendation.

A lead shield is a protective device placed on the outside of the body during radiation therapy or imaging tests like mammograms. It helps protect sensitive organs, such as the thyroid and reproductive organs, from radiation exposure. Patients should ask their care team how a lead shield applies to their specific situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

Lectins are natural molecules made of protein and sugars that can attach to the outside of cells and cause changes. Found in both plants and animals, lectins play roles in how cells recognize each other and respond. In cancer care, understanding lectins helps researchers explore new ways to target tumors and support the immune system, but the term itself is not a treatment or diagnosis.

LED Therapy, or Light-Emitting Diode Therapy, uses safe, specific wavelengths of light to treat various health conditions, including some cancer-related issues. It is considered safer than laser therapy, with fewer side effects. LED Therapy works through methods like photodynamic therapy, which activates drugs with light to target cancer cells, and photobiomodulation, which helps tissue healing and reduces inflammation.

LEEP, or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, is a medical technique that uses a thin wire loop with electrical current to remove abnormal tissue from the cervix. It is often used after abnormal cervical screening tests to treat early cell changes and help prevent cervical cancer. LEEP is also called loop excision and is a common procedure in cervical health care.

Leflunomide is a medication mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis by slowing down the immune system. It is being studied for possible use in treating certain cancers, especially tumors with a specific gene change called PTEN loss. Leflunomide may also be called SU101 in some reports, so it’s helpful to check the exact name when you see it mentioned.

A Legal Aid Organization is a group that offers free or low-cost legal help to people, especially those with low incomes, who face problems getting health care or health insurance. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment.

Legius Syndrome, also called neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome, is a rare genetic condition caused by changes in the SPRED1 gene. It often causes flat brown spots on the skin, freckles in the armpits and groin, and sometimes mild learning or developmental delays. It shares some features with neurofibromatosis type 1 but usually does not cause tumors. Understanding this term in context is important for patients and caregivers.

A leiomyoma, also called a fibroid, is a non-cancerous tumor made of smooth muscle tissue. These tumors most often develop in the uterus but can appear in other organs or the skin. In cancer care, leiomyomas are benign and usually do not become cancer. Sometimes, treatments like botulinum toxin A (Botox) are studied to help relieve pain or muscle tightness caused by these tumors.

Leiomyosarcoma is a rare cancer that starts in smooth muscle cells, most often found in the uterus, abdomen, or pelvis. It is a type of soft tissue sarcoma that can grow and spread to other parts of the body. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation, depending on the tumor’s size and spread. Patients should discuss what this diagnosis means for their specific case with their care team.

Lemon is a small yellow citrus fruit known for its sour juice rich in vitamin C. In cancer care, lemon or its components like alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) may be mentioned in skin care advice to help manage skin changes caused by treatments. Lemon itself is not a cancer treatment but may be part of supportive care to improve comfort during therapy.

Lenalidomide, also known as CC-5013 or by its brand name Revlimid, is a medicine used to treat certain blood cancers and related conditions in adults. It works by helping the immune system fight abnormal blood cells and may slow tumor growth. Because it can cause serious side effects, lenalidomide is only available through a special safety program called Revlimid REMS.

The lens is a clear, curved part inside your eye that helps focus light onto the retina, allowing you to see clearly. It works like a camera lens, adjusting to help you focus on objects near and far. Some cancer treatments can affect the lens, increasing the risk of cataracts, which cause cloudy vision.

Lentinan is a natural substance taken from shiitake mushrooms that has been studied in Japan as a possible cancer treatment. While some lab and animal studies suggest it might affect the immune system, there is not enough evidence to show it works as a cancer treatment in people. Patients should discuss any questions about lentinan with their care team.

Lenvatinib mesylate, also known as Lenvima, is a targeted cancer drug that blocks proteins helping cancer cells grow and spread. It is used alone or with other medicines to treat certain advanced cancers, including some types of thyroid, kidney, liver, and uterine cancers. Patients should always discuss how this drug applies to their care with their medical team.

Lenvima, also called lenvatinib mesylate, is a targeted cancer drug used alone or with other medicines to treat certain advanced cancers, including thyroid, kidney, liver, and uterine cancers. It works by blocking proteins that help cancer cells grow and spread. Patients should always talk with their care team about how this drug fits their specific treatment plan.

LEP-ETU, also known as liposomal paclitaxel, LipoTaxen, Paclitaxel Liposome, or PNU-93914, is a form of the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel enclosed in tiny fat-like particles called liposomes. This special packaging may help the drug reach cancer cells more effectively and cause fewer side effects. It is being studied for use in treating several types of cancer.

Lepirudin is a medicine that helps prevent blood clots. It is used when common blood thinners called heparins cannot be used, especially if a patient has a condition called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Lepirudin works by directly blocking a protein involved in clotting. Production of Lepirudin stopped in 2012, so it may not be widely available. Always ask your care team how this medicine relates to your treatment.

Leptin is a hormone made by fat cells that helps control hunger, body weight, and fat storage. It is part of a group of molecules called adipokines, which influence how the body manages energy and inflammation. In cancer care, doctors may consider leptin and related factors to understand how body fat affects health and treatment, but leptin alone is not a diagnosis or treatment.

Leptomeningeal refers to the two thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. In cancer care, the term often relates to cancer cells spreading to these layers, which can affect the nervous system. Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers follow discussions about diagnosis, scans, or treatment plans. It’s important to ask the care team how it applies to the individual situation rather than seeing it as a diagnosis by itself.

Leptomeningeal carcinoma is a serious condition where cancer cells spread from the original tumor to the thin layers of tissue (meninges) that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. This can cause inflammation and increased pressure in the brain. It most often occurs with cancers like breast cancer, lung cancer, or melanoma. The term has several other names, including carcinomatous meningitis and neoplastic meningitis.

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a serious condition where cancer cells spread from the original tumor to the thin protective layers covering the brain and spinal cord. This can cause inflammation and increased pressure in the brain. It most often occurs in cancers like breast cancer, lung cancer, or melanoma. The term has several other names, so it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your situation.

Leptomeningeal metastasis is a serious condition where cancer cells spread from the original tumor to the thin layers of tissue (meninges) that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. This can cause inflammation and increased pressure in the brain. It most often occurs with cancers like breast cancer, lung cancer, or melanoma and may cause symptoms such as headaches, weakness, or confusion.

Leridistim, also known as SC-70935, is a substance being studied to help increase blood cell production during chemotherapy. It belongs to a group called colony-stimulating factors. Patients may see this term in medical reports or educational materials. It’s important to ask your care team how Leridistim relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

A lesion is an area of abnormal or damaged tissue that can occur anywhere in the body. Lesions may be caused by injury, infection, or disease, and can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). They might not cause symptoms and are often found during tests or exams. Understanding what a lesion means in your specific case helps guide diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Lestaurtinib, also called CEP-701, is an experimental drug studied mainly for acute leukemias and some other cancers. It works by blocking proteins on cancer cells that help them grow and divide. It is not yet approved as a standard treatment and is mostly available through clinical trials. It may also appear under related names such as CEP-701.

Lethargy means feeling very tired, sluggish, or lacking energy. It can happen after not sleeping enough, stress, or illness. Sometimes, it’s a side effect of cancer treatments or medications. If you or a loved one feels unusually tired for a long time, it’s important to talk with your healthcare team to understand what it means for your care.

Letrozole, also known by the brand name Femara, is a hormone therapy drug called an aromatase inhibitor. It is used mainly to treat breast cancer in women after menopause by lowering estrogen levels, which can help stop the growth of cancers that need estrogen to grow. It may also appear under related names such as Femara.

Leucovorin calcium, also known as folinic acid or citrovorum factor, is a form of folic acid used in cancer treatment and some types of anemia. It is often given with chemotherapy drugs like fluorouracil to help make treatment more effective or to reduce side effects. It is not chemotherapy itself but supports other medicines in cancer care.

Leukapheresis is a medical procedure that collects white blood cells from a patient or donor. These cells can be used in treatments like CAR-T cell therapy, for blood cell transplants, or to lower very high white blood cell counts. It involves removing blood, separating out white cells, and returning the rest to the body. Patients should ask their care team how leukapheresis applies to their specific situation.

Leukemia is a cancer that starts in the bone marrow, where blood cells are made. It causes the body to produce many abnormal blood cells, usually white blood cells, which crowd out healthy cells. This can make it harder for your body to fight infections, carry oxygen, and stop bleeding. Leukemia can grow quickly or slowly and affects both adults and children.

A leukemia cell is an abnormal white blood cell that builds up in the bone marrow and blood in leukemia. These cells crowd out healthy blood cells, which can cause problems like infections, anemia, and easy bleeding. Leukemia cells may also spread to other parts of the body, such as lymph nodes, liver, spleen, brain, and spinal cord.

Leukemic leptomeningitis, also called leukemic meningitis or meningeal leukemia, is a condition where leukemia cancer cells spread to the meninges—the thin layers of tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. This can cause inflammation and may affect the nervous system. Patients and caregivers should discuss what this term means for their specific situation with their healthcare team.

Leukemic meningitis, also called leukemic leptomeningitis or meningeal leukemia, happens when leukemia cancer cells spread to the meninges—the thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. This can cause inflammation and affect the nervous system. If you see this term in medical notes, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Why Chlorambucil Can Matter in Cancer Care Doctors may use chlorambucil to help control cancer growth or relieve symptoms, especially when other treatments might not be suitable. Leukeran may also appear under related names such as Chlorambucil, so comparing the wording in a report or source can help avoid confusion.

Leukocytes, also called white blood cells or WBCs, are immune cells that help protect your body from infections and diseases. They are made in the bone marrow and travel through your blood and lymph system. Doctors often check leukocyte counts in blood tests to monitor your immune health and detect infections or blood cancers like leukemia.

Leukopenia means having fewer white blood cells than normal. White blood cells help your body fight infections. When you have leukopenia, your care team may order frequent blood tests and suggest precautions like avoiding crowds or certain foods to lower infection risk. It’s important to understand leukopenia in context and ask your healthcare team how it applies to your specific situation.

Leukoplakia is a white or gray patch that forms inside the mouth, often on the gums, tongue, or cheeks. It usually cannot be scraped off. Most leukoplakias are not cancer, but some may be precancerous or an early sign of cancer. Common causes include smoking, chewing tobacco, heavy alcohol use, and irritation from dental issues. If you hear this term, ask your care team what it means for your health.

Leuprolide acetate is a hormone therapy drug used mainly to treat advanced prostate cancer. It works by lowering testosterone levels, which can slow the growth of cancer cells that need this hormone. Known by brand names like Eligard and Lupron Depot, it is given as a long-acting injection under the skin or into muscle. It may also be used for certain noncancerous uterine conditions.

Leuprolide mesylate, also known as Camcevi, is a hormone therapy drug used to treat advanced prostate cancer in adult men. It works by lowering testosterone levels, a hormone that prostate cancer cells often need to grow. This medication is given as an injection or implant and helps slow the cancer’s growth by reducing testosterone production.

Leuvectin is a type of treatment agent designed to deliver the gene for interleukin-2 (IL-2) into cells, encouraging those cells to produce more IL-2. IL-2 is a protein that can help the immune system respond to cancer. If you see this term, it’s important to discuss with your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment recommendation on its own.

Levamisole is a medication originally used to treat parasitic worm infections. It is also studied in cancer treatment as an immune system modulator, helping the body’s immune system recognize and fight tumors. Side effects vary depending on individual health, cancer type, and treatment dose. If you see this term in your medical records, ask your care team for specific details about how it applies to your care.

Levels of Evidence is a way to rank how strong the results are from medical research studies, especially in cancer care. It helps patients and caregivers understand how much trust to place in information about treatments, tests, or side effects. Because different studies vary in quality, it’s important to ask your care team what the evidence means for your own situation.

Levetiracetam, also known by the brand name Keppra, is a medication used to treat seizures caused by epilepsy. It is also being studied for managing seizures in patients whose cancer has spread to the brain. Patients and caregivers should discuss with their healthcare team how this medication fits into their specific care, rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan on its own.

Levocarnitine, also called Carnitor or L-carnitine, is a natural substance made by the body and found in foods like meat and fish. It helps the body turn fat into energy. Levocarnitine is also used as a medicine when the body doesn’t make enough of it. In cancer care, it is being studied to see if it can protect healthy tissues from damage caused by chemotherapy, but it is not a standard cancer treatment.

Levofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia and urinary tract infections. In cancer care, it may be prescribed when treatments like chemotherapy weaken the immune system, increasing infection risk. It is important to understand that levofloxacin is not a cancer treatment but helps manage infections that could complicate cancer therapy. Patients should always ask their care team how this medication fits their specific situation.

Levoleucovorin calcium, also known by the brand name Fusilev, is a form of folic acid used in cancer care. It helps reduce the harmful side effects of the chemotherapy drug methotrexate and is sometimes given with fluorouracil to treat advanced colorectal cancer. Patients may see this term in medical reports or treatment plans and should ask their care team how it relates to their specific situation.

Levonorgestrel is a laboratory-made form of the hormone progesterone used mainly as an oral contraceptive to prevent pregnancy. It is also known by names like L-Norgestrel and Plan B. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and ask healthcare providers how it relates to individual care, rather than assuming it indicates a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Levulan Kerastick is a medicine containing aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride used with special light therapy to treat early skin changes like actinic keratosis, which can sometimes develop into skin cancer. It works by making abnormal cells sensitive to light, helping to destroy them. It is also used during brain tumor surgery to help doctors see cancer cells more clearly. Always ask your care team how it applies to your specific situation.

Lexapro, also known as escitalopram, is a medication used to treat depression and certain anxiety disorders. It belongs to a group called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Taken by mouth, it can help improve mood and reduce anxiety. Common side effects include headache, nausea, and sexual problems. If you see Lexapro in your care, ask your healthcare provider what it means for you.

Lexatumumab is an experimental lab-made protein called a monoclonal antibody. It targets a protein named TRAIL-R2 found on some cancer cells, which may help kill those cells. Also known as Anti-TRAIL R2 Mab HGS-ETR2 or HGS-ETR2, lexatumumab is still being studied and is not yet part of standard cancer treatment.

Leydig cell tumors are rare growths that usually form in the testicles and produce the male hormone testosterone. Most Leydig cell tumors are not cancer, but some can be. These tumors may cause hormone-related changes like early puberty in boys or breast tissue growth in males. It’s important to talk with your healthcare team to understand what this diagnosis means for you or your loved one.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare inherited condition that raises the risk of developing many types of cancer, often at a young age. It is caused by changes in the TP53 gene. People with LFS may develop more than one kind of cancer during their lifetime. If you see LFS mentioned in your medical information, it’s important to discuss with your care team what it means for you personally.

LGD1069, also known as bexarotene or by its brand name Targretin, is a medicine used to treat skin problems caused by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma when other treatments have not worked. It belongs to a group of drugs called retinoids and works by activating proteins that may help stop cancer cells from growing and kill them. It is not a cure but a treatment option to help manage symptoms.

LH, or luteinizing hormone, is a hormone made by the pituitary gland in the brain. In women, it helps the ovaries release eggs and prepare the uterus for pregnancy. In men, it signals the testes to produce testosterone. LH may also be called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone or lutropin. If you see LH mentioned in your medical information, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

LH-RH, also called GnRH or gonadotropin-releasing hormone, is a natural hormone made by the brain that signals the body to produce other hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones help control sex hormone levels such as testosterone and estrogen. LH-RH and related drugs are important in some cancer treatments, especially breast and prostate cancers, where hormone levels affect tumor growth.

Lhermitte's sign is a sudden, brief sensation like an electric shock that runs down the spine and into the arms or legs when bending the neck forward. It can happen with certain nerve or spinal cord conditions, after some cancer treatments, or when stopping some medications. If you hear this term, ask your care team what it means for you personally.

LHRH, also called GnRH or gonadotropin-releasing hormone, is a hormone made by the brain that controls the release of other hormones affecting the ovaries and testicles. Medicines called LHRH agonists mimic this hormone to lower estrogen or testosterone levels, which can help treat some breast and prostate cancers. Knowing the different names for LHRH can help you understand your treatment and medical reports.

LHRH agonists are medicines that lower sex hormone levels by affecting signals from the brain. In men, they reduce testosterone production, which can help treat prostate cancer. These drugs are also called GnRH agonists or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. They work by first increasing, then lowering hormone levels to reduce hormones that may fuel cancer growth.

LHRH antagonists are medicines that block signals from the brain to quickly lower hormone levels like testosterone in men or estrogen in women. They are often used to treat advanced prostate cancer and some gynecologic conditions by reducing hormones that can help cancer grow. These drugs work faster than some other hormone therapies and avoid a temporary hormone surge.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare inherited condition caused by changes in the TP53 gene. It increases the risk of developing many types of cancer, often at a young age, and sometimes more than one cancer in the same person. Knowing about LFS can help guide cancer screening and prevention for affected individuals and their families.

Liarozole is a drug that works by blocking the breakdown of retinoic acid, a substance that helps cells mature, and by lowering estrogen production. It is sometimes used in cancer treatment to help slow tumor growth. If you see this term, it’s important to talk with your care team about what it means for your specific situation.

Libido means sexual desire or interest in sex. It involves mental and emotional energy related to sexual feelings. Changes in libido can happen for many reasons, including cancer or its treatments. If you notice changes in your sex drive, it’s important to talk with your care team to understand what it means for you and what support or treatments might help.

Libtayo, also known as cemiplimab, is a medicine that helps the immune system fight certain advanced skin cancers and some lung cancers. It works by blocking a protein called PD-1, which cancer cells use to hide from immune cells. Libtayo is often used when other treatments are not suitable or have stopped working. It may cause side effects related to immune system activation.

Licorice root extract comes from the dried roots of the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant. It contains natural compounds that may reduce inflammation, fight certain bacteria and viruses, and act like hormones such as estrogen. Researchers are studying it for possible effects on cancer cells. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your care, rather than assuming it is a treatment or diagnosis.

Lidocaine is a medicine used to numb areas of the body to relieve pain, often during medical procedures. It can also be given through a vein to treat certain heart rhythm problems. Sometimes, lidocaine used in spinal anesthesia may cause temporary nerve-related pain after surgery. It’s important to talk with your care team about how lidocaine applies to your specific situation.

Lifestyle risk factors are personal habits or choices that can increase the chance of developing diseases like cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. Examples include smoking, unhealthy eating, lack of exercise, and drinking too much alcohol. These factors can often be changed or controlled to help lower disease risk. It’s important to understand lifestyle risk factors in context and talk with your care team about what they mean for you.

Lifetime risk is the chance that a person will develop a certain type of cancer during their lifetime. For example, a woman without known risk factors has about a 12% lifetime risk of breast cancer. Understanding lifetime risk helps patients and caregivers see risk estimates in context and discuss what they mean for an individual with their healthcare team.

Lifileucel, also known as Amtagvi, is a treatment for adults with melanoma that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. It uses immune cells taken from a patient’s tumor, grown in the lab, and given back to help the body fight cancer. Lifileucel is usually considered when other treatments, like PD-1 blockers and BRAF inhibitors, have not worked.

Ligation is a medical procedure that involves tying off blood vessels to stop blood flow to a part of the body or a tumor. It can also refer to surgeries like tubal ligation, a permanent birth control method that closes the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy. In cancer care, ligation may be discussed as part of treatment or birth control planning to protect health and fertility.

Light cigarettes, also called low tar cigarettes, are designed to produce less tar when tested by machines. However, they are not safer than regular cigarettes. Smoking light cigarettes does not reduce the risk of cancer or other diseases because smokers often inhale the same amount of harmful chemicals. There is no safe cigarette, and quitting smoking is the best way to lower health risks.

A light microscope is a device that uses visible white light and lenses to magnify small objects, such as cells or tissues, so they can be seen more clearly. It is commonly used in medical labs to examine samples. If you see this term in your medical information, ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment.

Light therapy, also called phototherapy, uses controlled exposure to specific types of light to treat various medical conditions. In cancer care, it may be used to help manage symptoms, support recovery, or treat certain skin-related cancers. Different forms include LED therapy and ultraviolet light treatments. Always discuss light therapy with your healthcare team before use during cancer treatment.

Light-Emitting Diode Therapy (LED Therapy) uses safe, specific colors of light to treat health conditions, including some cancer-related issues. It is often safer than laser treatments, causing fewer side effects. LED Therapy works by activating drugs to kill cancer cells or by helping tissues heal and reducing inflammation without drugs. It is used in cancer care for treatment and symptom support.

Lignans are natural substances found in plants like seeds, whole grains, and vegetables. They are part of a group called phytoestrogens and may have mild effects on the body’s hormones. Some research suggests that eating foods rich in lignans might be linked to lower risks of certain cancers and heart disease, but evidence is limited. Lignans are not a treatment by themselves but are part of a healthy diet.

Limb perfusion, also called isolated limb perfusion, is a medical procedure that delivers high doses of chemotherapy directly to an arm or leg affected by cancer. Blood flow to the limb is temporarily stopped using a tight band called a tourniquet, allowing treatment to focus on the limb without exposing the whole body to the drugs. This approach helps reduce side effects and is often used for certain melanomas and other cancers limited to a limb.

Limb-salvage surgery, also called limb-sparing surgery, is a type of operation that removes a tumor from an arm or leg without taking off the entire limb. The goal is to keep as much of the limb’s appearance and function as possible. This surgery is often used to treat bone and soft tissue cancers and may involve replacing removed bone with implants or grafts.

Limb-sparing surgery, also called limb-salvage surgery, is an operation to remove a tumor from an arm or leg without removing the entire limb. The goal is to keep as much of the limb’s appearance and function as possible. This surgery is often used to treat bone and soft tissue cancers and may involve replacing removed bone with implants or grafts.

The limbic system is a group of brain structures that help control emotions, memory, and motivation. It plays a role in how we feel and respond to experiences. If you see this term in your medical information, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for you personally, rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

Limited-stage small cell lung cancer means the cancer is found only in one lung, the tissues between the lungs, and nearby lymph nodes. It is important for patients and caregivers to understand this term in context and discuss with their care team how it applies to their individual situation, rather than relying on the term alone for diagnosis or treatment decisions.

Limonene is a natural chemical found mainly in the oils of citrus fruit peels, giving them their fresh, citrus scent. It is a type of terpene used in food flavoring, cleaning products, and fragrances. Limonene is also part of the chemical mix found in the defensive secretions of certain beetles, such as Ulomoides dermestoides, which are sometimes involved in folk therapies. Understanding limonene’s role can help patients recognize related terms in medical or alternative treatment discussions.

LIN, or lobular intraepithelial neoplasia, is a condition where abnormal cells are found in the milk-producing glands (lobules) of the breast. While LIN itself rarely turns into cancer, having it increases the risk of developing breast cancer in either breast. Types of LIN include atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Understanding LIN in context is important for patients and caregivers.

A linac, or linear accelerator, is a machine used in radiation therapy to treat cancer. It uses electricity to speed up tiny particles, producing high-energy X-rays or electrons that target tumors. This helps doctors deliver radiation precisely to cancer cells while protecting nearby healthy tissue. It may also appear under related names such as Linear Accelerator, Mega-Voltage Linear Accelerator, And Mev Linear Accelerator.

A linear accelerator, often called a linac, is a machine used in radiation therapy to treat cancer. It uses electricity to speed up tiny particles, producing high-energy X-rays or electrons that target tumors. This helps doctors deliver radiation precisely to cancer cells while protecting nearby healthy tissue. It may also appear under related names such as Linac, Mega-Voltage Linear Accelerator, And Mev Linear Accelerator.

Linitis Plastica, also called Gastric Scirrhous Carcinoma, is a rare type of stomach cancer that starts in the stomach lining and spreads into the muscles. This causes the stomach wall to become thick, hard, and rubbery, which can make digestion difficult. It is important to discuss this term with your care team to understand what it means for your specific diagnosis and treatment.

Linseed, also known as flaxseed, is the seed of the flax plant. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, and plant compounds called lignans. Sometimes discussed in cancer care for its nutritional benefits, flaxseed is not a cancer treatment. Patients should always talk with their care team before using flaxseed or related diets to understand safety and how it fits with their treatment.

Lintuzumab, also known as MoAb HuM195 or Monoclonal Antibody HuM195, is a laboratory-made antibody studied as a treatment for certain blood cancers like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes. It works by targeting a protein called CD33 on cancer cells to help the immune system attack them. Lintuzumab has been tested in clinical trials but is not a standard treatment.

Lioresal is a brand name for baclofen, a medicine that helps relax muscles by blocking nerve signals in the spinal cord. It is commonly used to treat muscle spasms caused by conditions like multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury. In cancer care, baclofen may be mentioned for managing muscle symptoms or as part of research, but it is not a standard cancer treatment.

Liothyronine Sodium, also known as Cytomel or Triostat, is a laboratory-made form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). It is used to treat certain thyroid conditions and is being studied in thyroid cancer care. Patients may see these names in medical records or treatment plans, so it’s important to ask your healthcare team how it applies to your specific situation.

Lipids are fat-like substances found in your body that help store energy and build cell structures. In cancer care, the term lipid may appear in reports about side effects or lab tests, helping your healthcare team monitor your safety and comfort. It’s important to understand the word in context and ask your care team how it relates to your personal health and treatment.

Lipiodol, also called Ethiodized Oil or Ethiodol, is a special iodine-containing oil made from poppy seeds. It is used in medical imaging to help highlight certain body parts like salivary glands, lymph vessels, and tumors. In cancer care, it may be injected to improve imaging or deliver treatment, especially for liver tumors. If you see this term, ask your care team how it applies to your care.

Lipitor, also known as atorvastatin calcium, is a medication that lowers cholesterol in the blood. It helps reduce the risk of heart problems like stroke, heart attack, and chest pain. While mainly used for heart health, it is being studied for possible roles in preventing or treating some cancers. You might see Lipitor listed in your medication records or treatment plans, especially if managing heart health alongside cancer care.

A lipoma is a common, noncancerous tumor made of fat cells. Usually soft, painless, and slow-growing, lipomas often appear just under the skin on the back, shoulders, or abdomen. They do not spread or turn into cancer. In cancer care, related tumors like angiomyolipomas can sometimes look like cancer on scans, so it’s important to understand the term in context and discuss what it means for your health with your care team.

Lipophilic means “fat-loving.” It describes substances that dissolve well in fats, oils, or similar materials rather than in water. In cancer care, understanding if a drug or chemical is lipophilic can help explain how it moves through the body or interacts with cells. If you see this word in your medical information, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Liposarcoma is a rare cancer that starts in fat cells, usually forming in deep soft tissues like the thigh, behind the knee, or abdomen. It often grows slowly and without pain but can sometimes spread to nearby tissues or other parts of the body. Liposarcomas mainly affect adults and are a type of soft tissue sarcoma.

Liposomal drugs are medicines wrapped inside tiny fat-like particles called liposomes. This helps the body absorb the drug better and may reduce side effects. Some liposomal forms of chemotherapy, like liposomal doxorubicin, are used to treat certain cancers such as breast cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma. If you see the word “liposomal” in your care, ask your healthcare team what it means for your specific treatment.

Liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride, also known as Doxil, is a chemotherapy drug used to treat certain cancers such as AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma, ovarian cancer, and multiple myeloma. It contains the medicine doxorubicin inside tiny fat particles called liposomes, which may help reduce side effects and allow the drug to stay longer in the body compared to regular doxorubicin.

Liposomal paclitaxel is a form of the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel enclosed in tiny fat-like particles called liposomes. This special packaging may help the medicine reach cancer cells more effectively and cause fewer side effects. It works by blocking cancer cells from dividing and is being studied for treating several types of cancer. You may see it called LEP-ETU, LipoTaxen, Paclitaxel Liposome, or PNU-93914.

Liposomal SN-38 is a form of the cancer drug irinotecan that is enclosed in tiny fat-like particles called liposomes. This design may help the drug work better and cause fewer side effects. It is being studied mainly for advanced colorectal cancer and other cancers. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your treatment, as it is not a diagnosis or a standard treatment yet.

A liposome is a tiny, lab-made fat-like particle used to carry medicines, including some chemotherapy drugs. By packaging drugs inside liposomes, treatments may work better and cause fewer side effects. Liposomes help deliver cancer medicines more safely and effectively, but the term itself is not a diagnosis or treatment plan. Always ask your care team how liposome-based drugs apply to your specific care.

Liposuction is a surgical procedure that removes extra fat from the body using a vacuum device. It is often done to smooth and reshape areas for cosmetic reasons but can also be used to remove non-cancerous fatty tumors, treat male breast tissue growth, relieve swelling from lymphedema, or assist in breast reduction surgery. Patients should discuss with their care team how liposuction relates to their individual situation.

Lipotaxen, also known as liposomal paclitaxel, LEP-ETU, paclitaxel liposome, or PNU-93914, is a form of the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel enclosed in tiny fat-like particles called liposomes. This special packaging may help the medicine reach cancer cells more effectively and cause fewer side effects. It is being studied for use in treating several types of cancer.

A liquid biopsy is a blood or body fluid test that looks for cancer cells or pieces of tumor DNA. It helps doctors learn about the cancer’s genetic changes without needing a tissue sample. This test can provide real-time information about tumor growth, treatment response, and risk of cancer spread. Patients should discuss with their care team how liquid biopsy results apply to their specific situation.

Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) is a lab method that separates and identifies different substances in a liquid sample. It first separates the parts of the sample, then measures their weight and structure to help identify and measure them. LC-MS is used in many areas, including drug testing, toxin detection, and diagnosing metabolic disorders. It is a tool used in testing, not a diagnosis or treatment.

A Soft Diet or Liquid Diet during cancer treatment is a nutrition plan that includes easy-to-digest foods and liquids. It is often discussed to support nutrition, digestion, immune health, and treatment tolerance. Patients may encounter this diet as part of symptom management or supportive care during cancer therapy. If a record says to see Soft Diet / Liquid Diet during treatment, that preferred term should usually be checked as well. It may also appear under related names such as Soft.

A liquid-based Pap test is a way to collect cells from the cervix by rinsing them into a small container of liquid. These cells are then examined under a microscope to check for cancer, changes that might lead to cancer, or other conditions like infections or inflammation. It is important to understand this test in context and discuss what the results mean with your care team.

Lisinopril, also known as Prinivil or Zestril, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and kidney problems related to diabetes. It belongs to a group called ACE inhibitors, which help relax blood vessels to lower blood pressure. Lisinopril may also be studied for preventing side effects from some cancer treatments. If you see this name in your medical records, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Lisocabtagene maraleucel, also called Breyanzi, is a personalized CAR T-cell therapy used to treat certain blood cancers in adults. It is designed for cancers like some lymphomas and leukemias that have returned or not improved after other treatments. This therapy modifies a patient’s own immune cells to better find and attack cancer cells, offering a treatment option when other therapies have not worked.

Lisofylline is a man-made small molecule with anti-inflammatory effects. It is being studied for its potential to protect healthy cells during chemotherapy and radiation without reducing treatment effects on cancer cells. Lisofylline may also have roles in preventing type 1 diabetes and improving pancreatic cell function. Patients should discuss with their care team how this term relates to their specific situation rather than seeing it as a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

A liter (L) is a common unit used to measure liquid volume. It equals 1,000 milliliters (mL) or cubic centimeters (cc). In cancer care, understanding volume measurements like liters can help patients and caregivers follow treatment plans, especially when discussing fluid amounts or medication doses. The spelling 'liter' is American English, while 'litre' is used in other English-speaking countries.

Lithium is a soft metal used in medicine, especially as lithium salts to treat mental health conditions like bipolar disorder. In cancer care, lithium may be mentioned as a medication that can cause side effects such as fatigue. Patients and caregivers should always ask their care team how lithium relates to their specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment recommendation.

LITT, or laser interstitial thermal therapy, is a treatment that uses heat from a laser to destroy abnormal tissue, such as certain brain tumors or damaged tissue caused by radiation. During LITT, imaging like MRI guides a thin tube to the target area, where the laser heats and treats the tissue. It is important to ask your care team how LITT applies to your specific situation, as the term alone is not a diagnosis or treatment plan.

A live virus vaccine is made from a weakened form of a virus that helps the body learn to fight the real infection. Common examples include the chickenpox and MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccines. These vaccines are generally not safe for pregnant women or people with weakened immune systems. Always talk with your care team about what this means for you or your loved one.

The liver is a large organ in the upper belly that helps clean your blood, digest food, and store energy. It can be affected by diseases like hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Symptoms may include yellowing of the skin, pain, or swelling. Doctors use blood tests, imaging, and sometimes biopsies to check liver health and diagnose problems.

Liver and bile duct cancer includes cancers that start in the liver or in the bile ducts, which are small tubes that carry bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine. Risk factors include inflammation of the bile ducts, certain liver diseases, and conditions like ulcerative colitis. Symptoms may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin), itchy skin, fever, and abdominal pain. Diagnosis often involves physical exams, imaging tests, blood tests, and biopsy. Treatments can include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Liver cancer is a disease where cancer cells form in the liver. It can start in the liver (primary liver cancer) or spread there from other parts of the body (secondary liver cancer). Common risk factors include hepatitis B or C infections, heavy alcohol use, and liver scarring. Symptoms may include pain or a lump in the right abdomen and yellowing of the skin. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging. Treatment options vary and may include surgery, chemotherapy, or liver.

A Liver Function Test (LFT) is a group of blood tests that measure substances released by the liver. These tests help doctors check how well the liver is working, detect liver damage, or monitor liver health during treatment. LFT results are part of a bigger picture and should be discussed with your care team to understand what they mean for you personally.

Liver metastasis means cancer that has spread from another part of the body to the liver. It is not a new liver cancer but a tumor formed by cancer cells traveling from the original site. Symptoms can include an enlarged liver, weight loss, jaundice, and abdominal discomfort. If you hear this term, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation and treatment options.

The Liver X Receptor Alpha Pathway (also called LXR Alpha Pathway) involves proteins in cells that help control genes related to cholesterol, fats, and hormones. Changes in this pathway may contribute to diseases like heart disease and cancer. Researchers are studying drugs that affect this pathway to help prevent or treat these conditions. If you see this term in your medical information, ask your care team what it means for you personally.

A liver-spleen scan is a medical test that uses a small amount of radioactive material to create images of the liver and spleen. It helps doctors find problems like cancer, cirrhosis, or hepatitis in these organs. Patients should discuss what the scan results mean for their specific situation with their care team.

The Living Foods Diet is a nutrition approach sometimes discussed in cancer care for its potential effects on nutrition, metabolism, inflammation, digestion, immune health, and treatment tolerance. It is considered a supportive or alternative diet protocol, but its safety and effectiveness should be reviewed with healthcare providers familiar with the patient’s cancer and overall health.

A living will is a legal document that lets you state your wishes about medical treatments if you become unable to speak for yourself. It helps ensure your preferences for care, such as use of life-support machines or resuscitation, are known and respected. Sharing copies with your doctor, hospital, and family can guide decisions during serious illness.

The Livingston-Wheeler Diet is a nutrition approach discussed in cancer care for supporting nutrition, metabolism, inflammation, digestion, immune health, and treatment tolerance. It is not a proven cancer treatment but may be mentioned in various cancer-related contexts. Patients should always discuss its use with their healthcare team to understand if and how it fits their individual care plan.

LMB-1 Immunotoxin is a type of medicine made by linking a toxic substance to an antibody. This antibody specifically attaches to cancer cells and helps deliver the toxin to kill those cells. It is important for patients and caregivers to understand this term in the context of their own care and to discuss with their healthcare team how it might apply to their treatment.

LMB-2 Immunotoxin is a type of targeted cancer treatment made by linking a toxic substance to an antibody. This antibody specifically attaches to certain tumor cells, helping to kill them while aiming to spare healthy cells. It represents a form of therapy designed to attack cancer cells more precisely than traditional chemotherapy.

LMB-7 Immunotoxin is a medicine made by linking a toxic substance to an antibody. This antibody targets cancer cells, attaching to them and helping to kill them. It is important to understand this term in the context of your own care and to ask your healthcare team how it relates to your treatment, rather than seeing it as a diagnosis or a standalone treatment option.

LMB-9 Immunotoxin is a type of medicine made by linking a toxic substance to an antibody. This antibody attaches to cancer cells and helps kill them. It is important for patients and caregivers to understand this term in the context of their own care and to ask their healthcare team how it relates to their specific situation.

LMP400 is a substance being studied to help treat cancer. It works by blocking enzymes that cancer cells need to grow and divide. This may help anticancer drugs kill cancers that do not respond well to some other treatments. Patients should talk with their care team about what LMP400 means for their specific situation.

LMP776 is a substance being studied to help treat cancer. It works by blocking enzymes that cancer cells need to grow and divide. This may help anticancer drugs work better, especially against cancers that resist some treatments. Patients should discuss with their care team how LMP776 might relate to their own care, as it is not a diagnosis or standard treatment on its own.

Lobaplatin is a platinum-containing drug that may kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA and stopping them from dividing. It belongs to a group of medicines called alkylating agents. Lobaplatin is approved for use in some countries and may be mentioned in cancer treatment discussions. Patients should always ask their care team how it relates to their specific situation rather than assuming it is a treatment recommendation.

A lobe is a section of an organ, such as the breast, made up of smaller glands called lobules. In breast health and cancer care, understanding lobes helps explain where changes or tumors might start or spread. For patients, it’s important to ask your care team how the term applies to your situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment plan.

A lobectomy is surgery to remove one whole lobe, or section, of an organ such as the lung, liver, brain, or thyroid. It is often used to treat cancer or other serious conditions affecting a specific part of an organ. If you hear this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it applies to your situation, as it is not a diagnosis by itself but a type of surgery.

Lobeline is a natural substance from the Indian tobacco plant that has been studied for helping people stop smoking and for other uses. It is not a cancer treatment and has limited evidence for medical benefits. If you see this term in your care, ask your healthcare team what it means for your situation rather than assuming it relates directly to your diagnosis or treatment.

Lobradimil, also known as RMP-7, is a drug being studied to help other medicines reach the brain more effectively. It belongs to a group called bradykinin agonists. Patients may see this term in medical reports or discussions, but it is important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a treatment or diagnosis.

Lobular capillary hemangioma, also called pyogenic granuloma, is a noncancerous growth made of small blood vessels. It often appears as a bright red, raised bump on the skin or mucous membranes, such as inside the mouth. These growths can develop quickly, may bleed easily, and often result from irritation, injury, or hormonal changes. Though not cancerous or infectious, treatment might be needed if bleeding or discomfort occurs.

Lobular carcinoma is a type of breast cancer that starts in the lobules, the milk-producing glands of the breast. It includes noninvasive forms like lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), where abnormal cells remain in the lobules, and invasive lobular carcinoma, where cancer cells spread beyond the lobules. Understanding the exact meaning of lobular carcinoma in your medical reports is important, so ask your care team how it applies to your situation.

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) is a condition where abnormal cells are found in the lobules of the breast. LCIS itself is not breast cancer but indicates a higher risk of developing breast cancer in either breast. It is often found during breast biopsies and helps doctors decide on monitoring and preventive care.

Lobular Intraepithelial Neoplasia (LIN), also called lobular neoplasia, is a condition where abnormal cells are found in the milk-producing glands (lobules) of the breast. LIN itself rarely becomes cancer, but having it increases the risk of breast cancer in either breast. Types include atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Understanding LIN in context is important for patients and caregivers.

Lobular Neoplasia (also called LIN or Lobular Intraepithelial Neoplasia) is a condition where abnormal cells are found in the milk-producing glands (lobules) of the breast. It is not cancer but signals a higher risk of developing breast cancer in either breast. Understanding this finding in context with your care team is important for personalized monitoring and care.

A lobule is a small, milk-producing part of the breast made up of tiny glands. It is a normal part of breast tissue. Sometimes, doctors find changes in the cells of lobules during breast exams or tests. These changes may not be cancer but can affect breast health or cancer risk. It’s important to understand how the term lobule relates to your personal health and to ask your care team for details.

Local anesthesia is medicine used to numb a small area of the body so you don’t feel pain during medical procedures. You stay awake but won’t feel discomfort where the anesthesia is applied. It’s commonly used in cancer care for biopsies, minor surgeries, and other tests to help keep you comfortable and safe.

Local therapy, also called localized therapy, is cancer treatment aimed at a specific part of the body, such as a tumor or organ. Common examples include surgery, radiation therapy, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and topical treatments applied to the skin. This approach focuses on treating the cancer where it is found, rather than throughout the whole body.

Localized means that a disease, such as cancer, is limited to one specific area of the body. For example, localized cancer is found only in the tissue or organ where it started and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body. Some localized cancers can be completely removed by surgery. Understanding this term helps patients ask informed questions about their diagnosis and treatment options.

Localized cancer is cancer that is found only in the tissue or organ where it first started and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body. This means the cancer is confined to one area. Some localized cancers can be completely removed by surgery or treated with other local therapies like radiation. It’s important to ask your care team what localized means for your specific situation.

Localized gallbladder cancer means the cancer is found only in the gallbladder wall and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body. Because it is limited to one area, this type of cancer may be completely removed with surgery. Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers discuss treatment options and next steps with their healthcare team.

Localized therapy, also called local therapy, is cancer treatment aimed at a specific part of the body where the cancer is found. Common examples include surgery, radiation, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and topical treatments applied to the skin. This approach focuses on treating cancer in one area rather than the whole body, often used when cancer has not spread beyond its original site.

Locally advanced cancer is cancer that has spread from its original site to nearby tissues or lymph nodes. It may cause symptoms like pain, swelling, bleeding, or blockage of nearby organs. For example, in cervical cancer, locally advanced disease can lead to pelvic pain, leg swelling, or bleeding in urine or stool. Early stages often have no symptoms, so regular screening and HPV vaccination are important for prevention and early detection.

Locally recurrent cancer is cancer that has come back at or near the same place as the original tumor after a period when no cancer was detected. It means the cancer has returned close to where it first started, not spread to distant parts of the body. Understanding this term in your own care context is important, so ask your healthcare team what it means for you.

A locus is a specific place where something is located or happens. In medicine, it often means the exact spot on a chromosome where a gene is found. Understanding the term locus helps patients and caregivers better follow genetic information in medical reports. It’s important to ask your care team how the term applies to your situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

Locus heterogeneity means that changes (mutations) in different genes can cause the same disease or condition. For example, xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare inherited disorder with a high risk of skin cancer, can result from mutations in any one of several different genes. It’s important to understand this term in context and ask your care team how it applies to your specific situation.

Lofibra is a medication also known as fenofibrate or Tricor. It is mainly used to lower high cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. Researchers are studying Lofibra for possible use in treating advanced cancers in young patients and other health conditions. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation.

Lometrexol is a drug being studied as a possible treatment for cancer. It belongs to a group of medicines called antifolates, which work by interfering with cancer cells’ ability to grow. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Lomustine, also known as CCNU or Gleostine, is a chemotherapy drug used mainly to treat certain brain tumors and Hodgkin lymphoma when other treatments like surgery or radiation have not worked well. It works by damaging cancer cells’ DNA to help stop their growth. Lomustine may be given alone or with other drugs and can cause side effects that your healthcare team will help manage.

Lonafarnib (also called SCH 66336) is a medicine taken by mouth that blocks an enzyme called farnesyltransferase. It is used to lower the risk of death in people with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a rare condition causing early aging symptoms. Lonafarnib has also been studied for certain cancers and hepatitis D virus infections. It is sold under the brand name Zokinvy.

Loncastuximab tesirine, also known by the brand name Zynlonta, is a targeted cancer drug used to treat certain types of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including large B-cell lymphoma and high-grade B-cell lymphoma. It is given to adults whose lymphoma has returned or not improved after at least two other treatments. This medicine combines an antibody that targets cancer cells with a chemotherapy drug to help kill them.

Long-term side effects are health problems caused by cancer treatment that last for months or years after treatment ends. These can include issues with the heart, lungs, kidneys, or digestive system; nerve problems like numbness or pain; fatigue; hearing loss; eye problems; and dry mouth. It’s important to talk with your care team about what long-term side effects might mean for you personally.

A longitudinal cohort study is a type of research that follows groups of people over time who share many similarities but differ in one key factor, such as smoking status. Researchers observe these groups to see how often a particular outcome, like developing cancer, occurs. This study design helps identify possible risk factors but does not provide direct medical advice for individuals.

Lonsurf is a cancer medicine combining two drugs, trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride. It is used to treat adults with colorectal or stomach cancer that has spread and not responded to other treatments. Tipiracil helps trifluridine stay active longer in the body, allowing it to kill more cancer cells by stopping them from making DNA.

Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) is a treatment that uses a thin wire loop with electrical current to remove abnormal cells from the cervix. It is often recommended to treat precancerous changes caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. LEEP helps prevent cervical cancer by removing abnormal tissue and is usually done in a doctor’s office with local anesthesia.

Loop Excision, also called LEEP or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure, is a medical treatment that uses a thin wire loop with electrical current to remove abnormal cells from the cervix. It is often recommended after abnormal cervical screening tests to treat early cell changes and help prevent cervical cancer. It may also appear under related names such as LEEP, Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure.

Loperamide hydrochloride, also known as Imodium, is a medication used to treat diarrhea. It works by slowing the movement of muscles in the intestines, allowing the body to absorb more water from stool. This results in firmer and less frequent bowel movements. It acts only in the gut when taken as directed and is commonly used to manage diarrhea symptoms in various health conditions.

Lopinavir is a medicine used with ritonavir to treat HIV infection by blocking the virus’s ability to make copies of itself. It is sold as a combination called Kaletra. Researchers are also studying lopinavir for possible roles in cancer treatment, but this use is still experimental. If you see lopinavir mentioned in your care, ask your healthcare team what it means for your specific situation.

Lopinavir/ritonavir, sold as Kaletra, is a combination medicine used mainly to treat and prevent HIV infection. It works by blocking the virus’s ability to make copies of itself. Sometimes, it is studied alongside cancer treatments, but this use is still experimental. Patients may see it listed under different names, so it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Loqtorzi (toripalimab) is a monoclonal antibody drug used to treat certain cancers, including melanoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a type of head and neck cancer. It works by helping the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. Loqtorzi is often given with other chemotherapy drugs and is approved for use in adults with advanced or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients should discuss with their care team how this treatment applies to their specific situation.

Lorazepam is a medicine used to treat anxiety, seizures, and nausea caused by chemotherapy. It belongs to a group called benzodiazepines, which calm the brain and nervous system. It can help reduce agitation, promote sleep, and control certain seizure emergencies. Patients should always ask their care team how lorazepam applies to their specific situation, as its use and effects can vary.

Lorbrena, also known as lorlatinib, is a medicine used to treat adults with a type of lung cancer called non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has spread and tests positive for a protein called ALK. It works by blocking proteins that help cancer cells grow. Lorbrena is taken by mouth and may cause side effects that sometimes require dose changes or stopping treatment.

Lorlatinib (brand name Lorbrena) is a targeted cancer medicine used to treat adults with a type of lung cancer called ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer that has spread. Taken as a pill, it works by blocking proteins that help cancer grow. It may cause side effects like swelling, nerve problems, weight gain, and mood changes. Lorlatinib is also known as Lorviqua in Europe.

Lorvotuzumab mertansine, also called BB-10901, is an experimental cancer treatment studied mainly for certain childhood and soft tissue cancers. It combines a targeted antibody that attaches to cancer cells with a chemotherapy drug to help kill those cells more precisely. This treatment is still being tested in clinical trials and is not yet approved for routine use.

Losartan potassium, also known by the brand name Cozaar, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure. It works by relaxing blood vessels, helping blood flow more easily and reducing strain on the heart. You may see this name in medical reports or treatment plans. It’s important to ask your healthcare team how it relates to your care, especially during cancer treatment.

Losoxantrone is a type of anticancer drug related to mitoxantrone. It belongs to a family of drugs called antipyrazoles. If you see this term, it’s important to talk with your care team about what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Lovastatin, also known by the brand name Mevacor, is a medication used to lower cholesterol in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs called statins that help reduce the risk of heart disease. While not a standard cancer treatment, lovastatin is being studied for possible roles in cancer prevention and therapy. Patients should always discuss how this medication relates to their care with their healthcare team.

Low birth weight means a baby is born weighing 5.5 pounds (2,500 grams) or less. It often happens when a baby is born too early (premature) or grows slowly before birth. Babies with low birth weight may face health challenges and need special care. Factors like smoking, alcohol use, and certain drugs during pregnancy can increase the risk of low birth weight.

Low Glutamine Experimental Diets are special nutrition plans that limit glutamine, an amino acid used by many body cells including some cancer cells. These diets are explored in cancer care for their possible effects on nutrition, metabolism, inflammation, digestion, immune health, and how well patients tolerate treatment. They are experimental and should be discussed carefully with healthcare providers before use.

A Low Glycemic Diet focuses on eating foods that cause a slower, smaller rise in blood sugar. It is sometimes discussed in cancer care for supporting nutrition, metabolism, inflammation control, digestion, immune health, and treatment tolerance. Patients should always talk with their healthcare team before starting this diet to ensure it fits their specific cancer situation and treatment plan.

Low grade describes cancer cells that look more like normal cells under a microscope. These cells tend to grow and spread more slowly than high-grade cancer cells. Low-grade cancers often have a better outlook and may not need immediate treatment. It’s important to understand this term in the context of your specific diagnosis and discuss with your care team what it means for you.

A Low Iron Diet is a nutrition approach sometimes discussed in cancer care to support nutrition, reduce inflammation, aid digestion, and improve immune resilience or treatment tolerance. It is not a standard cancer treatment and should be reviewed with healthcare providers to ensure safety and fit with individual care plans.

A Low Methionine Diet is a nutrition approach sometimes discussed in cancer care. It involves reducing methionine, an amino acid found in many proteins, to support metabolism, inflammation control, digestion, immune health, and treatment tolerance. While some consider it for cancer prevention or treatment support, its safety and effectiveness are not fully proven. Patients should always consult their healthcare team before trying this diet.

Low tar cigarettes, also called light cigarettes, are designed to produce less tar in machine tests but are not safer than regular cigarettes. Smoking them does not reduce the risk of cancer or other diseases because smokers often inhale similar amounts of harmful chemicals. Quitting smoking completely is the best way to lower health risks.

A Low-Carbohydrate Anti-Cancer Diet is a nutrition approach discussed in cancer care to support metabolism, reduce inflammation, improve digestion, and help the immune system. It may be considered for nutrition support, treatment tolerance, or symptom relief. Patients should discuss this diet with their healthcare team to ensure it fits their specific cancer type, treatment, and overall health needs.

Low-Dose Chemotherapy, also called Metronomic Chemotherapy, is a treatment where small amounts of chemotherapy drugs are given regularly over a long time. This approach may help slow tumor growth by stopping new blood vessels from forming and usually causes fewer side effects than standard chemotherapy. Patients should discuss with their care team how this treatment fits their personal situation.

Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) is a special type of CT scan that uses a lower amount of radiation to take detailed pictures inside the body. It is often used to screen adults at higher risk for lung cancer, especially those with a history of smoking. LDCT helps detect lung cancer early when treatment may be more effective. The test is painless, quick, and noninvasive.

A Low-Dose CT Scan (LDCT) is a special type of imaging test that uses a computer linked to an x-ray machine to take detailed pictures inside the body with less radiation than a standard CT scan. It is often used to screen adults at higher risk for lung cancer, especially those with a history of smoking. The test is painless, quick, and noninvasive.

Low-dose radiation therapy is a type of radiation treatment where the total amount of radiation given is less than in standard therapy. It may be delivered in fewer sessions or over a shorter time. This approach can reduce damage to healthy tissues nearby. Patients should always discuss with their care team what low-dose radiation means for their specific situation.

Low-FODMAP support during gastrointestinal (GI) treatment is a diet approach sometimes discussed in cancer care to help manage digestion, reduce inflammation, and support nutrition. It may be used to improve comfort and treatment tolerance but should be carefully evaluated with healthcare providers to ensure safety and appropriateness alongside standard cancer treatments.

Low-Grade DCIS (also called Grade I DCIS or low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ) is a condition where abnormal cells that look mostly like normal breast cells are found inside the lining of a breast duct. These cells have not spread outside the duct. Low-grade DCIS tends to grow slowly and is less likely to become invasive breast cancer compared to higher-grade DCIS.

Low-Grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS), also called Grade I DCIS, is a condition where abnormal cells that look mostly like normal breast cells are found inside the lining of a breast duct. These cells have not spread outside the duct. Low-grade DCIS tends to grow slowly and is less likely to become invasive breast cancer compared to higher-grade DCIS.

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare, slow-growing cancer that usually forms in deep soft tissues like the legs or trunk. It often affects young and middle-aged adults. LGFMS can come back many years after treatment and may spread to the lungs or chest lining. It is a type of soft tissue sarcoma with specific genetic changes that help doctors identify it.

Low-grade lymphoma, also called indolent lymphoma, is a slow-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It often causes few or no symptoms at first and may not need immediate treatment. Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers recognize that the lymphoma tends to progress slowly and that care plans may focus on monitoring or tailored treatment.

Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) is a mild abnormal change in the cells on the surface of the cervix, often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is usually found during a Pap test and often goes away on its own without treatment. However, sometimes LSIL can progress to more serious changes, so follow-up testing may be needed.

Low-risk cancer is a type of cancer that usually grows slowly, rarely spreads to other parts of the body, and often has a good chance of being cured. Knowing if a cancer is low risk can help doctors plan treatment, which sometimes may not be needed right away. Patients should always ask their care team what low-risk cancer means for their own situation.

Low-risk HPV is a group of human papillomaviruses that infect moist body surfaces like the genitals, mouth, or throat but rarely cause cancer. These types, especially HPV 6 and 11, often cause genital warts. Low-risk HPV spreads mainly through intimate skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Vaccines can protect against these types and help prevent related health issues.

Low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of common viruses that infect moist body surfaces like the genitals, mouth, or throat. These types rarely cause cancer but often cause genital warts. Low-risk HPV spreads mainly through intimate skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Vaccines can protect against these types and help prevent related health issues.

The Sugar Avoidance or Low-Sugar Cancer Diet is a nutrition approach discussed in cancer care for supporting nutrition, metabolism, inflammation control, digestion, immune health, and treatment tolerance. It is sometimes mentioned as part of alternative or supportive cancer care but should be reviewed with healthcare providers to ensure safety and appropriateness.

The lower extremity refers to the parts of the body that include the leg, ankle, and foot. In cancer care, this term helps describe where a tumor or treatment is focused. It’s important to understand this term in context and ask your care team how it applies to your specific situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

A Lower GI Series is a special type of X-ray exam that looks at the colon and rectum after a person receives a barium enema. It helps doctors see the inside of the lower digestive tract. If you hear this term, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation, rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment.

The lower jaw bone, also called the mandible, is the largest and strongest bone in the face. It forms the lower part of the jaw and holds the bottom teeth. Unlike other skull bones, it can move to help you open your mouth, chew, and speak. In cancer care, the mandible may be involved if tumors develop nearby or if treatments affect this bone.

LOXO-101, also known as larotrectinib sulfate or Vitrakvi, is a targeted cancer drug used to treat certain solid tumors with a specific genetic change called an NTRK gene fusion. It works by blocking proteins that help cancer cells grow. It is approved for adults and children whose tumors have spread or cannot be removed by surgery.

An LP, also called a lumbar puncture or spinal tap, is a procedure where a thin needle is inserted into the lower spine to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It helps check for infections, inflammation, or cancer in the nervous system. LPs can also measure or relieve pressure around the brain and spinal cord, deliver medications directly into the CSF, or inject dye for imaging tests.

LPHL, also called lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma or NLPHL, is a rare type of Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer of the immune system. It involves special cells called lymphocyte-predominant or popcorn cells, which are different from the usual Hodgkin lymphoma cells. LPHL grows slowly but may sometimes change into a different lymphoma called diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Understanding the exact meaning of LPHL in your medical report is important for personalized care.

The LRMDA gene makes a protein important for cells that produce melanin, the pigment giving color to skin and eyes. Changes (mutations) in this gene can cause a rare inherited condition called oculocutaneous albinism type 7. People with this condition often have very fair skin, vision problems, and a higher risk of skin cancer. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your health.

LSIL stands for Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, a mild abnormal change in cervical cells often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is usually found during a Pap test and often goes away on its own without treatment. LSIL is different from more serious changes that might lead to cancer, but it still requires follow-up to make sure it does not progress.

LU 79553 is a type of anticancer drug that works by interfering with DNA synthesis, which helps kill cancer cells. If you see this term, it’s important to talk with your healthcare team about what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan by itself.

LU-103793 is an anticancer drug designed to help slow or stop tumor cells from growing and multiplying. If you see this term, it’s important to discuss with your healthcare team how it might relate to your specific treatment plan, rather than assuming it applies broadly or as a direct recommendation.

A lubricant is a slippery or oily substance used to reduce friction between surfaces. In cancer care, water-based lubricants often help treat vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse, especially related to menopause or cancer treatments. Lubricants can make physical exams or treatments more comfortable and support symptom relief. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Lumakras (also called sotorasib) is a targeted cancer drug used to treat certain types of non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer with a specific KRAS gene mutation. It works by blocking a protein made by the mutated gene, which may help stop cancer cells from growing. Patients should discuss with their care team how Lumakras fits into their treatment plan.

A lumbar puncture (also called LP or spinal tap) is a procedure where a thin needle is inserted into the lower spine to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord and can be tested to check for infections, cancer cells, or other conditions. It may also be used to deliver medicines directly into the fluid around the spinal cord.

LUMBAR/PELVIS/SACRAL syndrome is a rare condition most often seen in infants. It involves a large hemangioma, which is a benign tumor made of blood vessels, spreading across areas like the lower back, genital region, or pelvis. This syndrome can also cause problems with the urinary system, genitals, rectum, anus, brain, spinal cord, and nerve function.

The lumen is the hollow space or channel inside a tube-shaped organ, like a blood vessel or the intestine. It’s where fluids, food, or air pass through. If you see the word lumen in your medical information, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment.

Lumigan is a brand name for the medicine bimatoprost, which is used to treat high pressure inside the eye caused by glaucoma. It works by helping eye fluid drain better to lower pressure. In cancer care, bimatoprost is being studied to help regrow eyelashes and eyebrows lost during chemotherapy. Patients should talk with their care team about how Lumigan might fit into their treatment and what side effects to watch for.

Luminal A breast cancer is a common type of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Its cells usually have estrogen and progesterone receptors but little or no HER2 protein. These cancer cells tend to grow slowly and look more like normal breast cells under a microscope. Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers discuss diagnosis and treatment options with their care team.

Luminal B breast cancer is a type of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Its cells usually have estrogen receptors but often lack progesterone receptors. These cancer cells tend to grow faster and may have higher levels of a protein called Ki-67, which is linked to cell division. Luminal B cancers may or may not have the HER2 protein. Understanding this term helps patients discuss their diagnosis and treatment options with their care team.

A lumpectomy is a surgery that removes a breast tumor along with some normal tissue around it, but not the whole breast. It is also called breast-conserving surgery, partial mastectomy, or breast-sparing surgery. This procedure aims to treat breast cancer while keeping most of the breast intact. Sometimes, nearby lymph nodes may also be removed to check for cancer spread.

The lungs are two organs in the chest that help your body take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. Lung cancer starts in the tissues of the lungs and is one of the most common and serious cancers. Treatment depends on the type of lung cancer, how far it has spread, and your overall health. Smoking is the main risk factor, but others include air pollution and certain workplace exposures.

A lung biopsy is a procedure to remove a small piece of lung tissue to check for cancer or other lung diseases. It is done when a lung abnormality needs further examination. The tissue can be taken through the skin, using a bronchoscope, or by surgery. Because it is a medical test, it is important to ask your care team what the results mean for you personally.

Lung cancer is a disease where cancer cells form in the tissues of the lungs, usually in the cells lining the air passages. There are two main types: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Treatment depends on the type, how far it has spread, and overall health. Smoking is the leading risk factor, but others include exposure to radon, air pollution, and certain workplace chemicals.

Lung Cancer Respiratory Exercises and Inspiratory Muscle Training are supportive therapies used alongside medical treatment to help improve breathing, reduce symptoms like fatigue and stress, and enhance quality of life for people with lung cancer. These exercises aim to strengthen breathing muscles and support emotional and physical well-being during and after cancer treatment.

Lung disorder is a term for diseases that affect the lungs and breathing. It includes conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, and lung cancer. Sometimes called pulmonary or respiratory disease, lung disorders can result from infections, smoking, or exposure to air pollution. If you see this term in your medical records, ask your care team what it means for your specific health.

Lung function, also called pulmonary function, describes how well your lungs work to help you breathe. It measures how oxygen enters your blood and how carbon dioxide leaves your body. Lung function is important in cancer care when your diagnosis or treatment affects your breathing or lungs. Tests and reports about lung function help your care team understand your lung health and guide treatment decisions.

A lung function test (also called PFT or pulmonary function test) measures how well your lungs work. It checks how much air your lungs can hold, how quickly air moves in and out, and how well oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. Doctors use this test to diagnose lung problems and to see how treatments are affecting your breathing.

Lung metastasis means cancer cells have spread from their original site to the lungs. This happens when cancer cells break away, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors in the lung. Symptoms may include cough, coughing up blood, or shortness of breath, but sometimes there are no symptoms. Lung metastasis is a sign that cancer has spread and may affect treatment and care decisions.

Lunsumio (mosunetuzumab-axgb) is an immunotherapy drug used to treat adults with follicular lymphoma that has returned or not improved after at least two other treatments. It works by helping the immune system’s T cells find and kill lymphoma cells. Lunsumio is a type of bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) and is approved by the FDA for this use.

Lupron Depot is a hormone therapy drug used mainly to treat advanced prostate cancer. It works by lowering testosterone levels, which can help slow the growth of cancer cells that need this hormone to grow. It is given as a long-acting injection and is also known by other names like Eligard and Leuprolide Acetate. Lupron Depot may also be used for certain noncancerous uterine conditions.

Lupus, also called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is a long-lasting autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. It can affect many parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, and brain. Symptoms vary widely and may include rashes, joint pain, fatigue, and organ problems. Lupus can also affect newborns when passed from a mother with lupus, known as neonatal lupus.

Lurbinectedin, also known by the brand name Zepzelca, is a medication used to treat small cell lung cancer that has spread and worsened after platinum-based chemotherapy. It works by damaging cancer cells’ DNA to stop their growth. Lurbinectedin may be used alone or combined with other drugs like atezolizumab and hyaluronidase for certain types of advanced small cell lung cancer. Patients should discuss with their care team how this treatment fits their individual situation.

Lurtotecan is a type of anticancer drug that works by blocking enzymes called topoisomerases, which help cancer cells grow and divide. It is related to a natural compound called camptothecin and has been studied in cancer treatment, including for ovarian cancer. While it is not commonly used today, understanding lurtotecan can help patients recognize drug names and treatment options.

Luspatercept, also known by the brand name Reblozyl, is a medicine used to treat anemia (low red blood cell counts) in adults with certain blood disorders like beta thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. It helps reduce the need for regular blood transfusions. Luspatercept may increase the risk of blood clots in some patients, especially those with other risk factors.

Lutathera (also called lutetium Lu 177-dotatate) is a radioactive drug used to treat certain neuroendocrine tumors that have specific receptors called somatostatin receptors. It delivers targeted radiation to tumor cells, helping to shrink or control these tumors. Lutathera is approved for adults and children aged 12 and older with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). It is also being studied for other cancers.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH), also called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone or lutropin, is a hormone made by the pituitary gland. In men, it helps the testes produce testosterone, a hormone important for male characteristics and prostate cancer growth. In women, it helps the ovaries release eggs and prepare the uterus. LH levels and related hormones are important in some cancer treatments, especially hormone therapies for prostate and breast cancer.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), also called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is a hormone made by the brain that controls the release of other hormones affecting the ovaries in women and testicles in men. Medicines called LHRH agonists mimic this hormone to help treat cancers like prostate and breast cancer by lowering hormone levels that can fuel tumor growth.

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists (also called GnRH agonists or LHRH agonists) are medicines that lower sex hormone levels by affecting signals from the brain. In men, they reduce testosterone production, which can help treat prostate cancer. In women, they lower estrogen and progesterone. These drugs work by first increasing, then decreasing hormone signals that control hormone production in the testicles or ovaries.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists (also called GnRH antagonists or LHRH antagonists) are medicines that block signals from the brain to quickly lower hormone levels like testosterone in men and estrogen in women. They are often used to treat advanced prostate cancer and some gynecologic conditions by reducing hormone levels without causing a temporary hormone surge.

Lutetium Lu 177 vipivotide tetraxetan, also known as Pluvicto, is a radioactive drug used to treat prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and no longer responds to hormone-lowering treatments. It targets a protein called PSMA found on some prostate cancer cells, delivering radiation directly to help kill these cancer cells.

Lutetium Lu 177-Dotatate, also called Lutathera, is a radioactive drug used to treat certain neuroendocrine tumors that have specific proteins called somatostatin receptors. It delivers targeted radiation to these tumor cells to help shrink or control them. It is approved for adults and children aged 12 and older with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and is being studied for other cancers.

Lutetium Texaphyrin, also called Motexafin Lutetium, is a substance being studied in cancer treatment using photodynamic therapy. It belongs to a group of drugs called metallotexaphyrins. Patients may see this term in medical reports or educational materials. It’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Lutropin, also called luteinizing hormone (LH) or interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, is a hormone made by the pituitary gland. In women, it helps the ovaries release eggs and prepare the uterus for pregnancy. In men, it signals the testes to produce testosterone. Lutropin may appear under different names in medical reports, so it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific health situation.

Luvox, also known as fluvoxamine, is a medication mainly used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and some anxiety disorders. It belongs to a group of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Patients may see this term in medical notes or treatment discussions, especially when managing mental health alongside cancer care. Common side effects include nausea and possible sexual side effects that may last even after stopping the drug.

LVA, also called lymphaticovenous anastomosis or lymphovenous bypass, is a surgical procedure used to relieve lymphedema. It works by connecting lymph vessels directly to nearby veins, allowing lymph fluid to bypass damaged or blocked areas and flow back into the bloodstream. This surgery can help reduce swelling caused by lymph buildup, often after cancer treatments that affect lymph nodes or vessels.

LVB, also called LVA or lymphaticovenous anastomosis, is a surgery that helps reduce swelling caused by lymphedema. It works by connecting lymph vessels directly to nearby veins, allowing lymph fluid to bypass damaged or blocked areas and flow back into the bloodstream. This procedure is often used after cancer treatments that affect lymph nodes or vessels.

The Liver X Receptor Alpha Pathway (LXR Alpha Pathway) is a group of proteins inside cells that help control genes related to cholesterol, fats, and hormones. Changes in this pathway may be linked to diseases like heart disease and cancer. Researchers are studying drugs that affect this pathway to help prevent or treat these conditions. If you see this term in your medical information, ask your care team what it means for you personally.

LY231514, also known as Alimta, pemetrexed disodium, or Pemfexy, is a chemotherapy drug used to treat certain lung cancers and malignant pleural mesothelioma. It works by blocking cancer cells from using folic acid to make DNA, which helps slow or stop cancer growth. It may be used alone or with other medicines and is also being studied for other cancers.

LY293111 is a substance being studied as a possible treatment for cancer. It belongs to a group of drugs called leukotriene B4 receptor antagonists. If you see this term, it’s important to talk with your care team about what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

LY317615, also called Enzastaurin Hydrochloride, is a drug studied for treating certain cancers. It works by blocking signals that help tumors grow new blood vessels, which tumors need to survive. It is still experimental and may appear in medical reports or clinical trials related to cancers like lymphoma, breast, colon, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancer. Always ask your care team how it applies to your situation.

LY335979, also called Zosuquidar Trihydrochloride, is a substance studied in cancer treatment. It may help kill cancer cells that resist other anticancer drugs. Patients might see this term in medical reports or discussions. It’s important to understand LY335979 in context and ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation, rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment recommendation.

LY353381 Hydrochloride, also called Arzoxifene Hydrochloride, is a laboratory-made medicine studied for treating certain breast cancers and osteoporosis. It works by attaching to estrogen receptors, which may help slow or stop the growth of cancers that rely on estrogen. It is not yet a standard treatment and is mainly used in research or clinical trials.

Lycopene is a natural red pigment found mainly in tomatoes and some other red fruits and vegetables. It acts as an antioxidant, which means it helps protect cells from damage. Some studies have looked at whether eating lycopene might lower the risk of prostate cancer, but results are mixed. It’s important to talk with your care team about what lycopene means for your health rather than relying on it as a treatment or prevention on its own.

Lymph is a clear, watery fluid that flows through the lymphatic system, carrying white blood cells that help fight infection. It collects extra fluids and waste from body tissues and passes through lymph nodes, which filter harmful substances. Lymph helps keep body fluids balanced and supports the immune system. It may also appear under related names such as Lymphatic Fluid.

A lymph gland, also called a lymph node, is a small, bean-shaped part of the immune system. It filters lymphatic fluid and contains white blood cells that help fight infections and diseases. Lymph glands are found throughout the body, especially in the neck, underarms, chest, abdomen, and groin. They can become swollen or enlarged due to infections, cancer, or other causes. Understanding lymph glands is important in cancer care and diagnosis.

Lymph nodes, also called lymph glands, are small, bean-shaped parts of your immune system found throughout your body. They help filter harmful substances and fight infections. Clusters of lymph nodes are common in areas like the neck, underarms, chest, abdomen, and groin. Doctors often check lymph nodes to see if cancer has spread or to understand infections.

A lymph node biopsy is a procedure where all or part of a lymph node is removed to check for signs of infection or cancer. It helps doctors find out if cancer has spread beyond the original tumor, especially in areas like the armpit (axillary lymph nodes). There are different biopsy types, including removing the whole node or taking tissue samples with needles.

Lymph Node Dissection, also called lymphadenectomy, is surgery to remove lymph nodes near a tumor to check if cancer has spread. It’s often done in cancers like breast cancer to help doctors understand the stage of the disease and guide treatment. Removing lymph nodes can also help prevent cancer from spreading further. This procedure may involve removing some or all lymph nodes in the area.

Lymph node drainage refers to the flow of lymph fluid from tissues into nearby lymph nodes. This process is important in cancer care because lymph nodes can show if cancer has spread. Sometimes lymph nodes are removed or checked during surgery or tests. Problems with lymph node drainage can cause swelling, often in the arms or legs, called lymphedema. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your situation.

Lymph Node Mapping, also called Lymphatic Mapping, is a procedure that uses dyes or radioactive substances to find lymph nodes near a tumor. These lymph nodes, called sentinel nodes, are the first places cancer might spread. This helps doctors decide if cancer has spread and plan treatment. If you see this term, ask your care team how it applies to your situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment.

The lymph system, also called the lymphatic system, is a network of tissues and organs that help the body fight infection and disease. It includes lymph nodes, vessels, bone marrow, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and lymph tissue in the intestines. The lymph system plays a key role in immune defense and fluid balance. It is important in some cancers, like lymphoma, which start in this system.

Lymph vessels, also called lymphatic vessels, are thin tubes that carry lymph—a clear fluid containing white blood cells—throughout the body. They help remove waste and fight infections. In cancer care, lymph vessels can be pathways where cancer cells spread from the original tumor to other parts of the body. It may also appear under related names such as Lymphatic Vessel.

Lymphadenectomy, also called lymph node dissection, is surgery to remove lymph nodes near a tumor. This helps doctors check if cancer has spread beyond the original site. It is often part of cancer care, such as breast cancer treatment, and helps guide decisions about further therapy. Removing lymph nodes can also help prevent cancer from spreading further. The surgery may involve removing some or all lymph nodes in the affected area.

Lymphadenopathy means swollen or enlarged lymph nodes, which are small glands that help your body fight infections. Swollen lymph nodes can happen for many reasons, including infections, inflammation, or cancer. In cancer care, lymphadenopathy may suggest that cancer has spread, but it often occurs due to other causes. Understanding this term can help you follow your diagnosis and treatment discussions more clearly.

A lymphangiogram is a special imaging test that uses dye and X-rays to look at the lymphatic system. It helps doctors find blockages, leaks, or signs of conditions like lymphedema or lymphoma. This test can also help check if cancer has spread to lymph nodes. Patients should discuss with their care team what a lymphangiogram means for their specific situation.

Lymphangiography, also called lymphography, is a medical imaging test that creates pictures of the lymphatic system. It uses X-rays or MRI along with a special dye to highlight lymph vessels and nodes. This test helps doctors find blockages, leaks, or signs of cancer spread in the lymph system. It can also guide treatment planning and surgery.

Lymphangiosarcoma is a rare cancer that starts in the cells lining the lymph vessels, which are part of the body’s lymphatic system. It often develops in areas with long-term swelling (lymphedema), such as an arm after breast cancer surgery. Understanding this term helps patients recognize its role in diagnosis and treatment, but it’s important to discuss with your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Lymphangitic carcinomatosis, also called carcinomatous lymphangitis, is a serious condition where cancer cells spread from the original tumor into the lymph vessels, which are tiny tubes that carry lymph fluid and immune cells. This often happens in the lungs and can cause breathing problems. It usually means the cancer has spread further and may affect treatment choices.

The lymphatic basin is a group of lymph nodes near a tumor that filters lymph fluid from that area. Special dyes may be used during surgery to highlight this basin, helping doctors find and remove lymph nodes that might contain cancer. Patients should ask their care team how this term relates to their specific situation, as it is not a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

Lymphatic fluid, also called lymph, is a clear, watery fluid that flows through the lymphatic system. It carries white blood cells, nutrients, and waste products from body tissues. Lymph passes through lymph nodes, which filter harmful substances and help the body fight infections and disease. This fluid eventually returns to the bloodstream, helping keep body fluids balanced and supporting the immune system.

Lymphatic Mapping, also called Lymph Node Mapping, is a procedure that uses special dyes or small amounts of radioactive material to find the lymph nodes closest to a tumor. These lymph nodes, called sentinel nodes, are the first places cancer might spread. Finding them helps doctors check if cancer has spread and decide on the best treatment plan. Ask your care team how this applies to your situation.

The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help the body fight infection and disease. It includes lymph nodes, vessels, bone marrow, spleen, thymus, tonsils, and lymph tissue. Problems with this system can involve infections, blockages, or cancers like lymphoma. Understanding the lymphatic system helps patients and caregivers know how it relates to diagnosis and treatment.

Lymphatic vessels, also called lymph vessels, are thin tubes that carry a clear fluid called lymph throughout the body. They help return fluid from tissues back to the bloodstream and play a key role in the immune system. These vessels are important in cancer care because they can carry cancer cells to lymph nodes and other parts of the body.

Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA), also called lymphovenous bypass (LVB), is a surgery that helps reduce swelling caused by lymphedema. It connects lymph vessels directly to nearby veins, allowing lymph fluid to bypass damaged or blocked areas and flow back into the bloodstream. This procedure is often used after cancer treatments that affect lymph nodes or vessels.

Lymphedema is swelling caused by a buildup of lymph fluid, usually in an arm or leg. It can happen when cancer or cancer treatments block or damage lymph vessels or nodes. This swelling may cause discomfort and increase infection risk. While lymphedema cannot be cured, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Lymphir (denileukin diftitox-cxdl) is a medicine used to treat adults with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that has returned or not improved after other treatments. It combines a part of the immune protein interleukin-2 with a bacterial toxin to target and kill cancer cells. Given by intravenous infusion, it is also being studied for other cancers.

A lymphoblast is an immature white blood cell that can develop into a mature lymphocyte, an important part of the immune system. Lymphoblasts normally grow and divide in the bone marrow, but in some blood cancers like acute lymphoblastic leukemia, they multiply uncontrollably. Understanding this term can help patients and caregivers follow diagnosis and treatment discussions related to certain blood cancers.

Lymphoblastic refers to immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts. This term often appears in blood cancer diagnoses like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a fast-growing cancer affecting these cells. Understanding the term helps patients and caregivers ask informed questions about diagnosis, treatment options, and care plans, rather than seeing it as a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

Lymphoblastic lymphoma is a fast-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma where immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts build up in lymph nodes and the thymus gland. It mainly affects teenagers and young adults and can be either T-cell or B-cell type. It is also known as precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma. Treatment often involves chemotherapy, sometimes using medicines like asparaginase erwinia chrysanthemi or nelarabine (Arranon).

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell made in the bone marrow that help your body fight infections and cancer. There are two main kinds: B lymphocytes, which make antibodies, and T lymphocytes, which help kill tumor cells and control immune responses. Understanding lymphocytes is important in blood cancers like leukemia, where these cells can become abnormal and affect your health.

Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (LPHL), also called NLPHL or nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, is a rare type of Hodgkin lymphoma. It involves special cancer cells known as lymphocyte-predominant or popcorn cells, which differ from the usual Hodgkin lymphoma cells. LPHL tends to grow slowly but may sometimes change into a more aggressive lymphoma called diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Lymphocytic refers to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell important for fighting infections. In cancer care, it often relates to leukemia types where these cells grow abnormally, such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These cancers affect blood and bone marrow and may require treatments like chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or stem cell transplant.

Lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow where the body makes too many abnormal lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. It includes two main types: acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), which grows quickly and is common in children, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which grows slowly and mostly affects adults. Symptoms and treatments vary depending on the type and individual health.

Lymphocytic leukopenia, also called lymphocytopenia or lymphopenia, means having fewer lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) than normal in the blood. This can affect the body’s ability to fight infections. If you see this term in your medical records or test results, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for you personally, rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Lymphocytopenia, also called lymphocytic leukopenia or lymphopenia, means having fewer lymphocytes—a type of white blood cell important for your immune system—than normal in the blood. This can make it harder for your body to fight infections. If you see this term in your medical records or test results, ask your care team what it means for your health and treatment.

Lymphoepithelioma is a rare type of cancer that starts in the tissues covering the nasopharynx, which is the upper part of the throat behind the nose. It is a form of nasopharyngeal carcinoma that often involves immune cells called lymphocytes. This cancer may be linked to infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is treated differently from other throat cancers. If you hear this term, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Lymphography, also called lymphangiography, is a medical imaging test that uses X-rays or MRI along with a special dye to create pictures of the lymphatic system. It helps doctors find blockages, leaks, or signs of cancer spread in lymph vessels and nodes. This test can also guide treatment planning and surgery.

Lymphoid refers to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell important for the immune system, and the tissues where these cells develop. In cancer care, the term may appear in reports or discussions about blood or immune system conditions. Understanding lymphoid helps patients and caregivers ask informed questions and avoid confusion about diagnoses or treatments.

Lymphokine-Activated Killer (LAK) cells are special white blood cells grown in a lab to help kill cancer cells. They include natural killer cells and T cells, which are parts of the immune system. LAK cells may be used in some experimental cancer treatments to target tumors, especially when other treatments don’t work well. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your care, as it is not a diagnosis or a treatment by itself.

Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in the lymph system, part of the immune system. It includes two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Symptoms and treatment vary depending on the type and stage. Lymphoma can affect both children and adults, and understanding the specific diagnosis is important for care decisions.

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a rare disorder involving abnormal growth of certain immune cells, often affecting the lungs, skin, and nervous system. It is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection and can range from mild to cancerous forms. Treatment varies by severity and may include medications, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplant. Patients should discuss what this diagnosis means for their specific case with their care team.

Lymphomatous leptomeningitis is a condition where lymphoma cancer cells spread from their original site to the meninges, the thin tissues covering the brain and spinal cord. It is also called lymphomatous meningitis. This spread can cause inflammation and symptoms related to the brain and spinal cord. If you see this term in your medical records, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Lymphomatous meningitis, also called lymphomatous leptomeningitis, happens when lymphoma cancer cells spread to the meninges—the thin tissues covering the brain and spinal cord. This spread can cause inflammation and affect brain and nerve function. If you see this term in your medical records, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Lymphopenia, also called lymphocytopenia or lymphocytic leukopenia, means having fewer lymphocytes—a type of white blood cell important for your immune system—than normal in the blood. This can make it harder for your body to fight infections. If you see this term in your medical records or test results, ask your care team what it means for your health and treatment.

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, also called Waldenström macroglobulinemia, is a slow-growing type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It involves abnormal white blood cells that produce high levels of a protein called IgM antibody. This condition can cause symptoms like enlarged lymph nodes, liver, or spleen, and may increase the risk of developing other cancers. It is a rare disease that often affects older adults and tends to progress slowly over time.

Lymphopoietin-1, also called interleukin-7 or IL-7, is a natural protein made by cells that support organs and tissues. It helps the immune system by encouraging the growth of certain white blood cells important for fighting infections. In cancer care, lab-made IL-7 may be used to help boost the immune system. Patients should ask their care team how IL-7 relates to their own health rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

Lymphoproliferative disorders are conditions where lymphatic system cells grow too much. These disorders often behave like cancers and can be linked to infections, immune problems, or treatments like organ transplants. Examples include certain lymphomas and rare diseases caused by viruses such as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers ask the right questions about diagnosis and treatment.

Lymphosarcoma is an outdated term that was once used to describe a cancerous tumor in lymphatic tissue. Today, doctors use more specific names for these cancers, such as types of lymphoma. Understanding this term can help when reading older medical records or reports that mention it. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Lymphoscintigraphy is a medical imaging test that helps find the sentinel lymph node—the first lymph node to receive fluid from a tumor. This node may be removed and checked for cancer cells. The test uses a small amount of radioactive material injected near the tumor, which travels through the lymph system and is tracked by a scanner. Patients should discuss with their care team how this test applies to their specific situation.

Lymphostatic elephantiasis, also called stage III lymphedema, is the most advanced form of lymphedema. It happens when lymph vessels or nodes are damaged or blocked, often due to cancer or its treatment. This causes severe swelling, hard and thick skin, and sometimes darker skin color and limited movement in the affected area. Patients should discuss what this term means for their own care with their medical team.

Lymphovenous bypass (also called LVA or lymphaticovenous anastomosis) is a surgery that helps reduce swelling caused by lymphedema. It connects lymph vessels directly to nearby veins, allowing lymph fluid to bypass damaged or blocked areas and flow back into the bloodstream. This procedure is often used after cancer treatments that affect lymph nodes or vessels.

Lymphovenous transplant, also called vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT), is a surgery to help reduce swelling caused by lymphedema. Healthy lymph nodes and vessels are moved from one part of the body, like the neck, abdomen, or groin, to an area with damaged lymph nodes, often an arm or leg. This can help improve lymph flow and relieve symptoms.

Lynch syndrome, also called hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an inherited condition that raises the risk of colon cancer and several other cancers, often at a younger age. It is caused by changes in genes that normally help fix DNA mistakes. Testing tumor tissue or blood can help identify if someone has Lynch syndrome, which can guide cancer screening and treatment decisions.

Lynparza, also known as olaparib or AZD2281, is a targeted cancer medicine used to treat certain prostate, pancreatic, breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers. It works by blocking an enzyme called PARP that helps cancer cells repair damaged DNA, which may cause the cancer cells to die. Lynparza is often used when genetic testing shows specific gene mutations.

Lyrica (pregabalin) is a medication used to treat nerve pain from conditions like diabetes, shingles, and cancer treatments, as well as epilepsy, fibromyalgia, restless legs syndrome, and anxiety. It can help reduce pain and some anxiety symptoms but may have side effects and risks, especially with long-term use. It may also appear under related names such as Pregabalin.

Lysis is the breaking down or destruction of a cell caused by damage to its outer membrane. This can happen naturally, due to infection, or through medical or laboratory processes. In cancer care, lysis may be mentioned when cells break down quickly, such as in tumor lysis syndrome, which can affect kidney function and require careful management.

A lysosome is a small sac-like part inside a cell that contains enzymes to break down and recycle materials the cell no longer needs. It helps keep the cell clean and healthy by digesting damaged parts or harmful substances. Lysosomes are important for normal cell function and may be mentioned in medical reports or discussions related to cell health or disease.

Lytgobi, also known as futibatinib, is a targeted cancer drug taken by mouth. It is used to treat adults with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a type of bile duct cancer inside the liver, that has spread or cannot be removed by surgery. Lytgobi works by blocking a protein called FGFR, which may help slow or stop cancer growth. It is approved for patients whose cancer has already been treated.

Lytic refers to the breaking down or destruction of cells, often by viruses or other means. In cancer care, the term may appear when discussing treatments that use viruses, like adenoviruses, to target and kill cancer cells. It’s important to understand the word in context and ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it describes a diagnosis or treatment on its own.

A lytic lesion is an area of bone that has been damaged or destroyed, often due to cancer. The term describes a process where bone tissue breaks down. If you see this term in your medical records or hear it from your care team, it’s important to ask how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

A microliter (µL) is a very small unit of liquid volume equal to one millionth of a liter. You might see this term in medical tests or reports. It’s important to understand it as a measurement and ask your care team how it relates to your specific health situation, rather than interpreting it alone as a diagnosis or treatment advice.