5 Glossary Terms

5-Alpha reductase inhibitors are medicines that block an enzyme needed to make dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that can cause the prostate gland to grow. These drugs are mainly used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous prostate enlargement, helping to shrink the gland and improve urine flow. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

5-Fluoro-2-Deoxycytidine, also called FdCyd, is a drug being studied as a possible treatment for some cancers. It works by interfering with cancer cells’ ability to grow and divide. This drug belongs to a group called antimetabolites, which block the building blocks cancer cells need to multiply. FdCyd is not yet a standard treatment and is mainly available through clinical trials.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat several cancers, including breast, colon, rectal, stomach, and pancreatic cancers. It is given as an injection. 5-FU also comes as a cream to treat certain skin conditions like actinic keratosis and some types of basal cell skin cancer. Brand names for the cream include Carac, Tolak, Efudex, and Fluoroplex.

5-FU, or 5-fluorouracil, is a chemotherapy drug used to treat several cancers such as breast, colon, rectal, stomach, and pancreatic cancers. It can be given as an injection or applied as a cream for certain skin conditions like actinic keratosis and some basal cell skin cancers. The cream forms are sold under brand names like Carac, Tolak, Efudex, and Fluoroplex.

5-Fu-Leucovorin Calcium is a chemotherapy treatment combining two drugs, fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium. It is mainly used to treat colorectal cancer and may also be given with radiation therapy for esophageal and stomach cancers. This combination attacks cancer cells in different ways to help improve treatment results. It may also appear under related names such as 5-FU-Leucovorin Calcium Regimen.

The 5-Fu-Leucovorin Calcium Regimen is a chemotherapy treatment combining two drugs, fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin calcium. It is mainly used to treat colorectal cancer and may also be given with radiation therapy for esophageal and stomach cancers. This combination attacks cancer cells in different ways to help improve treatment results.

5-HIAA (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid) is a substance made when the body breaks down serotonin, a chemical nerves use to communicate. It forms in the liver and is passed through the kidneys into urine. Measuring 5-HIAA levels in urine helps doctors diagnose and monitor certain tumors, especially carcinoid tumors, which may produce extra serotonin.

5-HT3 receptor antagonists are medicines that help prevent and treat nausea and vomiting, especially during cancer treatments like chemotherapy. They work by blocking signals in the body that trigger these symptoms. These drugs may also be used for certain digestive conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome. It may also appear under related names such as 5-Hydroxytryptamine 3 Receptor Antagonist, Type 3 Serotonin Receptor Antagonist.

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is a substance made when the body breaks down serotonin, a chemical nerves use to send messages. It forms in the liver and is passed through the kidneys into urine. Measuring 5-HIAA levels in urine helps doctors diagnose and monitor certain tumors, especially carcinoid tumors that may produce extra serotonin.

5-Hydroxytryptamine, also known as serotonin, is a natural chemical found mainly in the digestive system, brain, spinal cord, and blood platelets. It helps nerve cells send messages and can cause blood vessels to narrow. Serotonin affects mood and body functions, making it important in health and illness, including cancer care.

5-Hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists, also called 5-HT3 receptor antagonists or type 3 serotonin receptor antagonists, are medicines that help prevent and treat nausea and vomiting. They are often used during cancer treatments like chemotherapy to ease side effects. These drugs may also be used for some digestive conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome.

A 504 Plan is a legal education plan that helps students with disabilities or health conditions, like cancer, get equal access to school activities. It provides classroom support such as extra time on tests, use of special tools, tutoring, or therapy services to help the student succeed alongside their peers.

506U78, also known as Arranon or nelarabine, is a chemotherapy drug used to treat certain T-cell cancers like acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma in adults and children aged 1 year and older. It is given when other treatments have not worked or the cancer has returned. The drug works by blocking cancer cells from making DNA, which may help kill them and slow the disease.

5Q Minus Syndrome is a rare condition caused by the loss of part of chromosome 5’s long arm. It affects bone marrow cells, leading to anemia that is hard to treat and certain blood disorders. These problems can sometimes progress to a type of blood cancer called acute myelogenous leukemia. It is also called 5Q- Syndrome.

5Q- Syndrome, also called 5Q Minus Syndrome, is a rare condition caused by the loss of part of chromosome 5’s long arm. It affects bone marrow cells, leading to anemia that is hard to treat and certain blood disorders. These problems can sometimes progress to a type of blood cancer called acute myelogenous leukemia.