Wart

What Warts Are and How They Appear

A wart is a raised growth on the surface of the skin or other body parts caused by infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Warts can look like small bumps that may be rough or smooth and can appear anywhere on the body, including the hands, feet, face, genitals, or around the anus. Some warts are flat and smooth, while others may look bumpy or cauliflower-like. They are not cancerous but are caused by a viral infection.

Why Warts Matter in Cancer Care

While most warts are harmless, some types of HPV that cause genital or anal warts are linked to a higher risk of developing cancers such as cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and certain head and neck cancers. These cancers often develop after a long-lasting HPV infection that causes changes in cells over time. Understanding warts and their connection to HPV helps patients and caregivers recognize why doctors may recommend screening tests or treatments to prevent cancer.

What Patients May Notice and Hear About Warts

Patients might notice small bumps or growths on their skin or genital area that may or may not cause symptoms like itching, burning, or discomfort. Sometimes warts are painless and go unnoticed. During medical visits, terms like "genital warts" or "anal warts" may come up in exams, lab reports, or treatment discussions. Knowing what these terms mean can help patients understand their health and the reasons behind certain tests or treatments.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Warts

Health care providers usually diagnose warts by looking at them during a physical exam. For genital or anal warts, diagnosis may include a pelvic exam or other tests. There is no treatment that cures HPV itself, but warts can be treated with medicines applied to the skin or procedures like freezing, burning, or surgical removal. Treatments aim to remove warts and reduce symptoms, but warts can sometimes come back because the virus remains in the body.

Common Confusions and What Warts Do Not Mean

It is important to know that having warts does not automatically mean a person has cancer. Warts are caused by HPV types that are usually low-risk for cancer. However, some HPV types linked to warts can increase cancer risk if infections last a long time. Also, not all lumps or skin changes are warts; some may be other skin conditions or benign growths. Patients should ask their care team for clear explanations about any new skin changes or test results.

Questions to Ask Your Care Team

If you have warts or HPV infection, you might ask: What type of HPV do I have? What are my risks for cancer? What treatments are available for my warts? How can I prevent spreading HPV to others? Should I have regular screenings or follow-up tests? Understanding these points can help you take an active role in your care.

Using This Information Safely

This information is meant to help you understand warts and their connection to HPV and cancer risk. It does not replace personalized medical advice. If you see the term "wart" in your medical records or hear it from your provider, ask them what it means for your specific situation. Your health care team can guide you on the best next steps based on your overall health and diagnosis.

Next Steps for Patients and Caregivers

If you notice any new growths, bumps, or skin changes, especially in the genital or anal area, talk with your health care provider. They can examine you, provide a diagnosis, and discuss treatment or screening options. Getting vaccinated against HPV before exposure can help prevent some types of warts and related cancers. Open communication with your care team is key to managing your health and addressing any concerns about warts or HPV.